Although soil fungal communities are considered important in tea orchard ecosystems, experimental research on their responses to the long-term continuous ratooning cultivation of tea plants are limited. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to investigate soil fungal communities in tea orchards with continuous cropping histories of 0, 1, 10, and 20 years. Results indicated that the predominant phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in all tea soil samples. Plant pathogen fungi Alternaria was the most predominant genus in the 10- and 20-year soils and significantly higher than that in the 0- and 1-year soils. FUNGuild revealed that the symbiotrophs in the 1-year soil (8.00%) was markedly higher than those in the 0-, 10-, and 20-year soils (1.43%~2.47%). The saprotrophs in the 20-year soils was approximately two-fold higher than those identified in the 0-, 1-, and 10-year soils. The pathotroph–saprotroph–symbiotroph fungi were higher in the 10- and 20-year soils in comparison to the 0- and 1-year soils as expected. Diversity analysis showed that the indices of Shannon and Simpson in the 1-year soils were higher than those in other treatments. Redundancy analysis suggested that fungal community structure and function were evidently interrelated to pH and exchangeable aluminum in the soils, respectively. In summary, the long-term continuous ratooning cultivation of tea plants changed the fungal communities in the rhizosphere, enriched saprotrophs and plant pathogens (Alternaria spp.), and reduced beneficial fungi (symbiotrophs). Results of this work can be used to explore reasonable management measures, such as microbial fertilizer application, and eventually relieve the long-term monoculture problems of tea plants.

中文翻译：

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通过高通量测序研究茶树连作土壤真菌群落和功能协会的迁移

尽管土壤真菌群落在茶园生态系统中被认为是重要的，但有关其对茶树长期连续再生的响应的实验研究仍然有限。在这项研究中，Illumina高通量测序技术用于调查连续种植历史为0、1、10和20年的茶园中的土壤真菌群落。结果表明，在所有茶土样品中，主要菌群为子囊菌和担子菌。在10年和20年土壤中，植物病原真菌链霉菌是最主要的属，并且比0年和1年土壤中的植物病原真菌最显着。Funguild揭示了1年土壤中的共生菌（8.00％）明显高于0、10和20年土壤中的共生菌（1.43％〜2.47％）。20年土壤中的腐生菌比0年，1年和10年土壤中的腐烂菌大约高两倍。如预期的那样，在10年和20年土壤中，病原菌，腐生菌和共生菌真菌比0年和1年土壤更高。多样性分析表明，一年土壤中的香农和辛普森指数均高于其他处理。冗余分析表明，真菌的群落结构和功能显然与土壤中的pH和可交换铝有关。总之，茶树的长期连续再生栽培改变了根际的真菌群落，丰富了腐生菌和植物病原体（Alternaria spp。），并减少了有益真菌（共生菌）。