A number of mathematical models are available to model the performance of solar modules under varying operating conditions. Most commonly recognized and used models include (a) the basic three-parameter model, (b) the five-parameter model, and (c) the seven-parameter model. The basic three-parameter model does not incorporate series and shunt resistance for IV curves. The five-parameter model incorporates the effect of series and shunt resistance, and the seven-parameter model further includes the additional effect of temperature and irradiance variation on solar cell parameters. While all these models reasonably predict IV profiles of solar modules at small variations from standard testing conditions (STCs), their performance in modeling the module performance at low irradiances and high temperatures is far from ideal. This work primarily reviews the accuracy of available models for various module technologies not only under STC conditions but also over a wide range of operating conditions. The accuracy of modeled results is quantified (with datasheet results) for 10 crystalline silicon (c-Si) based modules as well as 9 thin film module (TF) samples (commercial modules) at multiple irradiance conditions. The results show that the three-parameter model generally overestimates the power output both for c-Si and TF modules. The five-parameter model predicts TF technology more accurately compared to the other two available models, whereas the seven-parameter model is most accurate for c-Si module modeling under varying operations.A number of mathematical models are available to model the performance of solar modules under varying operating conditions. Most commonly recognized and used models include (a) the basic three-parameter model, (b) the five-parameter model, and (c) the seven-parameter model. The basic three-parameter model does not incorporate series and shunt resistance for IV curves. The five-parameter model incorporates the effect of series and shunt resistance, and the seven-parameter model further includes the additional effect of temperature and irradiance variation on solar cell parameters. While all these models reasonably predict IV profiles of solar modules at small variations from standard testing conditions (STCs), their performance in modeling the module performance at low irradiances and high temperatures is far from ideal. This work primarily reviews the accuracy of available models for various module technologies not only under STC conditions but also over a wide range of operating conditions. The accuracy ...

中文翻译：

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实际运行条件下太阳能组件等效模型的评估——综述

许多数学模型可用于模拟太阳能模块在不同操作条件下的性能。最常用的模型包括 (a) 基本的三参数模型、(b) 五参数模型和 (c) 七参数模型。基本的三参数模型不包含 IV 曲线的串联和并联电阻。五参数模型结合了串联和分流电阻的影响，而七参数模型进一步包括温度和辐照度变化对太阳能电池参数的附加影响。尽管所有这些模型都在与标准测试条件 (STC) 的微小变化下合理地预测了太阳能模块的 IV 分布，但它们在模拟低辐照度和高温下的模块性能方面的性能远非理想。这项工作主要审查各种模块技术的可用模型的准确性，不仅在 STC 条件下，而且在广泛的操作条件下。在多种辐照度条件下，对 10 个基于晶体硅 (c-Si) 的模块以及 9 个薄膜模块 (TF) 样品（商业模块）的建模结果的准确性进行了量化（使用数据表结果）。结果表明，三参数模型通常高估了 c-Si 和 TF 模块的功率输出。与其他两种可用模型相比，五参数模型更准确地预测 TF 技术，而七参数模型对于不同操作下的 c-Si 模块建模最准确。许多数学模型可用于对太阳能的性能进行建模不同工作条件下的模块。最常用的模型包括 (a) 基本的三参数模型、(b) 五参数模型和 (c) 七参数模型。基本的三参数模型不包含 IV 曲线的串联和并联电阻。五参数模型结合了串联和分流电阻的影响，而七参数模型进一步包括温度和辐照度变化对太阳能电池参数的附加影响。虽然所有这些模型都在与标准测试条件 (STC) 的微小变化下合理地预测了太阳能模块的 IV 分布，但它们在模拟低辐照度和高温下的模块性能方面的性能远非理想。这项工作主要审查各种模块技术的可用模型的准确性，不仅在 STC 条件下，而且在广泛的操作条件下。准确率...