Fisheries often combine high mortality with intensive size selectivity and can, thus, be expected to reduce body size and size variability in exploited populations. In many fish species, body size is a sexually selected trait and plays an important role in mate choice and mate competition. Large individuals are often preferred as mates due to the high fecundity and resources they can provide to developing offspring. Large fish are also successful in competition for mates. Fisheries‐induced reductions in size and size variability can potentially disrupt mating systems and lower average reproductive success by decreasing opportunities for sexual selection. By reducing population sizes, fisheries can also lead to an increased level of inbreeding. Some fish species avoid reproducing with kin, and a high level of relatedness in a population can further disrupt mating systems. Reduced body size and size variability can force fish to change their mate preferences or reduce their choosiness. If mate preference is genetically determined, the adaptive response to fisheries‐induced changes in size and size variability might not occur rapidly. However, much evidence exists for plastic adjustments of mate choice, suggesting that fish might respond flexibly to changes in their social environment. Here, I first discuss how reduced average body size and size variability in exploited populations might affect mate choice and mate competition. I then consider the effects of sex‐biased fisheries on mating systems. Finally, I contemplate the possible effects of inbreeding on mate choice and reproductive success and discuss how mate choice might evolve in exploited populations. Currently, little is known about the mating systems of nonmodel species and about the interplay between size‐selective fisheries and sexual selection. Future studies should focus on how reduced size and size variability and increased inbreeding affect fish mating systems, how persistent these effects are, and how this might in turn affect population demography.

中文翻译：

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尺寸选择性渔业对性选择的影响。


渔业往往将高死亡率与密集的体型选择性结合起来，因此有望减少被开发种群的体型和体型变异性。在许多鱼类中，体型是一种性选择特征，在配偶选择和配偶竞争中发挥着重要作用。体型较大的个体通常是首选的交配对象，因为它们具有高繁殖力，并且可以为发育中的后代提供资源。大鱼在交配竞争中也能取得成功。渔业导致的体型和体型变异性的减小可能会破坏交配系统，并通过减少性选择的机会来降低平均繁殖成功率。通过减少种群规模，渔业还可能导致近亲繁殖程度增加。有些鱼类避免与近亲繁殖，而种群中的高度相关性可能会进一步扰乱交配系统。体型的减小和体型变异性的减小会迫使鱼类改变它们的择偶偏好或降低它们的选择性。如果配偶偏好是由基因决定的，那么对渔业引起的体型变化和体型变异的适应性反应可能不会迅速发生。然而，有很多证据表明鱼类可以对配偶选择进行可塑性调整，这表明鱼类可能对其社会环境的变化做出灵活的反应。在这里，我首先讨论被剥削群体的平均体型减小和体型变异性可能如何影响配偶选择和配偶竞争。然后我考虑了性别偏见渔业对交配系统的影响。最后，我思考了近亲繁殖对配偶选择和繁殖成功的可能影响，并讨论了配偶选择在被剥削群体中如何演变。 目前，人们对非模式物种的交配系统以及尺寸选择性渔业和性选择之间的相互作用知之甚少。未来的研究应重点关注尺寸和尺寸变异性的减小以及近亲繁殖的增加如何影响鱼类交配系统，这些影响有多持久，以及这可能反过来如何影响种群人口统计。