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Synthesis of Metastable Inorganic Solids with Extended Structures.
ChemPhysChem ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-12 , DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000199
Dmitri Leo M Cordova 1 , David C Johnson 1
Affiliation  

The number of known inorganic compounds is dramatically less than predicted due to synthetic challenges, which often constrains products to only the thermodynamically most stable compounds. Consequently, a mechanism‐based approach to inorganic solids with designed structures is the holy grail of solid state synthesis. This article discusses a number of synthetic approaches using the concept of an energy landscape, which describes the complex relationship between the energy of different atomic configurations as a function of a variety of parameters such as initial structure, temperature, pressure, and composition. Nucleation limited synthesis approaches with high diffusion rates are contrasted with diffusion limited synthesis approaches. One challenge to the synthesis of new compounds is the inability to accurately predict what structures might be local free energy minima in the free energy landscape. Approaches to this challenge include predicting potentially stable compounds thorough the use of structural homologies and/or theoretical calculations. A second challenge to the synthesis of metastable inorganic solids is developing approaches to move across the energy landscape to a desired local free energy minimum while avoiding deeper free energy minima, such as stable binary compounds, as reaction intermediates. An approach using amorphous intermediates is presented, where local composition can be used to prepare metastable compounds. Designed nanoarchitecture built into a precursor can be preserved at low reaction temperatures and used to direct the reaction to specific structural homologs.

中文翻译:

具有扩展结构的亚稳无机固体的合成。

由于合成方面的挑战,已知的无机化合物的数量大大少于预期的数量,这常常将产品限制在仅热力学最稳定的化合物上。因此,基于机理的具有设计结构的无机固体方法是固态合成的圣杯。本文讨论了使用能量态势概念的多种合成方法,该方法描述了不同原子构型的能量之间的复杂关系,这些能量是各种参数(例如初始结构,温度,压力和组成)的函数。具有高扩散速率的成核受限合成方法与扩散受限合成方法形成对比。合成新化合物的挑战之一是无法准确预测自由能格局中哪些结构可能是局部自由能最小值。应对这一挑战的方法包括通过结构同源性和/或理论计算来预测潜在稳定的化合物。合成亚稳态无机固体的第二个挑战是开发各种方法,以使能量分布跨跃至所需的局部自由能最小值,同时避免更深的自由能最小值,例如稳定的二元化合物,作为反应中间体。提出了使用无定形中间体的方法,其中可以使用局部组成来制备亚稳化合物。
更新日期:2020-06-12
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