The copepod Acartia tonsa is a key component of a wide range of marine ecosystems, linking energy transfer from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels, and has a central role in productivity and biogeochemistry. The interaction of end-of-century global warming and ocean acidification scenarios with testing moderate temperature effects on a seminatural copepod community is needed to understand future community functioning. Here, we deployed a mesocosm experimental set-up with a full factorial design using two temperatures (13°C and 19°C) crossed with a pCO₂ gradient ranging from ambient (550 μatm) to 3000 μatm. We used the natural bacteria, phyto- and microzooplankton species composition and biomass of the Kiel Bight and tested the response of A. tonsa development, carbon growth, mortality, size and condition. The tested traits were differently affected by the interaction of temperature and acidification. Ocean acidification increased development, carbon growth, size and mortality under the warming scenario of 19°C. At 13°C mortality rates decreased, while carbon growth, size and condition increased with acidification. We conclude from our experimental approach that a single species shows a variety of responses depending on the focal functional trait. Trait-specific mesozooplankton responses need to be further investigated and compared between geographical regions, seasons and taxonomic groups.

中文翻译：

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浮游动物的生长和生存对交互变暖和酸化作用的反应不同

pe足纲A虫是广泛的海洋生态系统的重要组成部分，将能量从浮游植物转移到更高的营养水平，并在生产力和生物地球化学中发挥着核心作用。为了了解未来的社区功能，需要将本世纪末全球变暖和海洋酸化情景与对半天然co足类群落的中等温度效应进行测试相结合。在这里，我们采用全因子设计部署了介观宇宙实验设置，使用了两个温度（13°C和19°C）以及p CO ₂梯度，范围从环境温度（550μatm）到3000μatm。我们使用了基尔湾的天然细菌，植物和微藻类物种的组成以及生物量，并测试了扁桃体发育，碳增长，死亡率，大小和状况。温度和酸化的相互作用对测试的性状有不同的影响。在19°C的变暖情景下，海洋酸化增加了发育，碳增长，大小和死亡率。在13°C时，死亡率会降低，而碳的增长，大小和条件会随着酸化而增加。我们从实验方法得出的结论是，根据焦点功能性状，单个物种会显示出多种响应。需要进一步研究特质特异的中型浮游动物反应，并在地理区域，季节和生物分类群之间进行比较。