Abstract As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal capacity, such as migratory whales, where patterns of connectivity could change rapidly. Here we build on a previous long-term, large-scale collaboration on southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) to combine new (nnew) and published (npub) mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite genetic data from all major wintering grounds and, uniquely, the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur: SG) feeding grounds. Specifically, we include data from Argentina (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 208/46), Brazil (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 50/50), South Africa (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 66/77, npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 350/47), Chile–Peru (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 1/1), the Indo-Pacific (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 769/126), and SG (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 8/0, nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 3/11) to investigate the position of previously unstudied habitats in the migratory network: Brazil, SG, and Chile–Peru. These new genetic data show connectivity between Brazil and Argentina, exemplified by weak genetic differentiation and the movement of 1 genetically identified individual between the South American grounds. The single sample from Chile–Peru had an mtDNA haplotype previously only observed in the Indo-Pacific and had a nuclear genotype that appeared admixed between the Indo-Pacific and South Atlantic, based on genetic clustering and assignment algorithms. The SG samples were clearly South Atlantic and were more similar to the South American than the South African wintering grounds. This study highlights how international collaborations are critical to provide context for emerging or recovering regions, like the SG feeding ground, as well as those that remain critically endangered, such as Chile–Peru.

中文翻译：

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在巴西和智利-秘鲁越冬地和南乔治亚岛 (Islas Georgias del Sur) 觅食地发现的南露脊鲸 (Eubalaena australis) 的遗传多样性和连通性

摘要 随着物种从开发中恢复，需要对连通性和种群结构进行持续评估，为保护和管理提供信息。对于具有高传播能力的物种来说尤其如此，例如迁徙的鲸鱼，其中的连接模式可能会迅速变化。在这里，我们以之前对南露脊鲸 (Eubalaena australis) 的长期、大规模合作为基础，将来自所有主要越冬地的新 (nnew) 和已发表的 (npub) 线粒体 (mtDNA) 和微卫星遗传数据结合起来，并且独特地，南乔治亚岛（Islas Georgias del Sur：SG）的觅食地。具体来说，我们包括来自阿根廷（npub mtDNA/微卫星 = 208/46）、巴西（nnew mtDNA/微卫星 = 50/50）、南非（nnew mtDNA/微卫星 = 66/77，npub mtDNA/微卫星 = 350/47）的数据), 智利-秘鲁（nnew mtDNA/微卫星 = 1/1）、印度太平洋地区（npub mtDNA/微卫星 = 769/126）和 SG（npub mtDNA/微卫星 = 8/0，nnew mtDNA/微卫星 = 3/11）调查以前未研究的栖息地在迁徙网络中的位置：巴西、SG 和智利-秘鲁。这些新的遗传数据显示了巴西和阿根廷之间的连通性，例如弱的遗传分化和 1 个基因鉴定个体在南美地区之间的移动。根据遗传聚类和分配算法，来自智利-秘鲁的单个样本具有以前仅在印度-太平洋地区观察到的 mtDNA 单倍型，并且具有在印度-太平洋和南大西洋之间出现混合的核基因型。SG 样本明显位于南大西洋，与南非越冬地相比更类似于南美洲。本研究强调了国际合作对于为新兴或恢复地区（如 SG 的食物供应地）以及仍然极度濒危的地区（如智利-秘鲁）提供背景至关重要。