Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers are entering an era in which they can perform computational tasks beyond the capabilities of the most powerful classical computers, thereby achieving ‘quantum supremacy’, a major milestone in quantum computing. NISQ supremacy requires comparison with a state-of-the-art classical simulator. We report HPC simulations of hard random quantum circuits (RQC), which have been recently used as a benchmark for the first experimental demonstration of quantum supremacy, sustaining an average performance of 281 Pflop/s (true single precision) on Summit, currently the fastest supercomputer in the world. These simulations were carried out using qFlex, a tensor-network-based classical high-performance simulator of RQCs. Our results show an advantage of many orders of magnitude in energy consumption of NISQ devices over classical supercomputers. In addition, we propose a standard benchmark for NISQ computers based on qFlex.

中文翻译：

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通过281 Pflop / s模拟建立量子至上边界

嘈杂的中型量子（NISQ）计算机正在进入一个时代，在该时代中，它们可以执行超越最强大的经典计算机功能的计算任务，从而实现“量子至上”，这是量子计算的一个重要里程碑。NISQ至高无上需要与最新的经典模拟器进行比较。我们报告了硬随机量子电路（RQC）的HPC仿真，最近已将其用作量子至上性的第一个实验演示的基准，目前在峰会上保持了平均性能281 Pflop / s（真正的单精度），这是目前最快的世界上的超级计算机。这些仿真是使用qFlex（基于张量网络的RQC的经典高性能仿真器）进行的。我们的结果表明，与传统的超级计算机相比，NISQ设备的能耗要高很多个数量级。此外，我们建议基于qFlex的NISQ计算机的标准基准。