Advances in the development of pulsed lasers provided a further breakthrough in the study of the structural dynamics of nuclei and electrons. As a result of this progress, the use of powerful femtosecond laser pulses, both for exciting a sample and for generating ultrashort (down to femto- and even subfemtosecond) photoelectron bunches synchronized with optical pulses for sensing matter, made it possible to observe the coherent dynamics of nuclei and electrons in samples at the required spatiotemporal scales. The possibility of direct observations of reaction processes is a major breakthrough in chemical physics. The many-particle potential is so complex that the degree of the interaction nonadiabaticity cannot be determined with an accuracy sufficient for predicting reaction paths. How can this information and a new look at the reaction dynamics be used in the future? This question arises in connection with the development of a new conceptual foundation of natural sciences incorpo...

中文翻译：

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游离分子和冷凝物的结构动力学

脉冲激光的发展进展为原子核和电子的结构动力学研究提供了进一步的突破。由于这一进步的结果，强大的飞秒激光脉冲的使用，既激发了样品，又产生了与光脉冲同步的超短（至飞秒甚至亚飞秒级）的超短光电子束，以用于感测物质，从而使观测相干成为可能。所需时空尺度下样品中核和电子的动力学。直接观察反应过程的可能性是化学物理学的重大突破。多粒子电势是如此复杂，以至于无法以足以预测反应路径的准确度确定相互作用的非绝热程度。将来如何使用这些信息和对反应动力学的新外观？这个问题与自然科学新概念基础的发展有关。