The review discusses the basic concepts of measurement that have existed from the end of the 19th century to the present day, such as representational theory; realistic, operationalist, conventionalist, theoretical-informational, and theoretical-operational model approaches to measurement; and their advantages and weaknesses. Such characteristics of measurement as accuracy, precision, and various aspects of their application, related to agreement among measurement results, measurements and standards, measurement and `true' values, as well as internal and external reproducibility of measurements, are considered. The theoretical-operational model approach to experiment (and measurement), based on V A Fock's three-part scheme, proposed by him for quantum mechanics, is discussed in detail using an example from the physics of elementary particles. Advantages of the last approach over the others, as well as its possible applications for determining systematic uncertainty, are examined.

中文翻译：

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测量问题：当代讨论和模型

本文讨论了19世纪末到今天存在的基本测量概念，例如表示理论。现实的，可操作的，常规的，理论信息的和理论操作模型的测量方法；及其优点和缺点。考虑到诸如测量的准确性，精度及其应用的各个方面之类的测量特性，这些特性与测量结果，测量和标准之间的一致性，测量和“真实”值以及测量的内部和外部可重复性有关。由他为量子力学提出的基于V A Fock的三部分方案的理论-操作模型方法用于实验（和测量），使用来自基本粒子物理学的示例详细讨论了“粒子”。研究了最后一种方法相对于其他方法的优势，以及它在确定系统不确定性方面的可能应用。