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Formulas developed based on the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine concentrations obtained from multiple spot urine samples are acceptable to predict protein intake at group level but not at individual level
Nutrition Research ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.04.004
Xiaoyi Yuan 1 , Kentaro Murakami 2 , Keiko Asakura 3 , Ken Uechi 4 , Shizuko Masayasu 5 , Satoshi Sasaki 6
Affiliation  

In this study, we hypothesized that spot urine can be used to predict protein intake at both group and individual levels. Participants (n = 369) of this study were recruited from all 47 prefectures in Japan. Sex-specific formulas were developed based on the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine concentration obtained from 3 spot urine samples. Validity of the formulas was examined against two 24-hour urine collections for 7 combinations of spot urine (single and means of 2 or 3 samples) using t test (mean estimation), Spearman correlation, and Bland-Altman plot (individual bias). Means of measured protein intake based on 24-hour urinary excretions were 87.3 g/d (standard deviation 19.7) for men and 70.5 g/d (standard deviation 14.7) for women. Irrespective of sex, the predicted intakes were not significantly different (within 2.7% of differences) from those measured by urinary excretions. Predicted intakes were moderately correlated with measured intakes (men, 0.45-0.60; women, 0.35-0.53). Even after using the mean of 3 samples, Bland-Altman plots showed a considerably wide limit of agreement (men, -30 to 33 g/d; women, -27 to 24 g/d). Except for using single spot urine samples in women, the formula tended to overestimate intake at a lower and underestimate at a higher level of protein intake (slope: men, -0.47 [P < .0001]; women, -0.38 [P = .002]). In conclusion, predictive formulas developed in this study can be used to predict protein intake at group level or to rank individuals' intake but not to predict absolute intake at individual level.

中文翻译:

基于尿素氮与从多个现场尿液样本中获得的肌酐浓度的比率开发的公式可以用来预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量,但不能预测个体水平

在这项研究中,我们假设现场尿液可用于预测群体和个体水平的蛋白质摄入量。本研究的参与者 (n = 369) 是从日本所有 47 个县招募的。根据从 3 个现场尿液样本中获得的尿素氮与肌酐浓度的比率,制定了性别特定的公式。使用 t 检验(均值估计)、Spearman 相关性和 Bland-Altman 图(个体偏差),针对 7 种点尿组合(单一和 2 或 3 个样本的均值)的两次 24 小时尿液收集检查了公式的有效性。根据 24 小时尿排泄量测得的蛋白质摄入量平均值为男性 87.3 克/天(标准差 19.7),女性为 70.5 克/天(标准差 14.7)。无论性别如何,预测的摄入量都没有显着差异(在 2. 7% 的差异)与通过尿排泄测量的差异。预测摄入量与测量摄入量呈中等相关(男性,0.45-0.60;女性,0.35-0.53)。即使在使用 3 个样本的平均值后,Bland-Altman 图也显示出相当广泛的一致性(男性,-30 至 33 克/天;女性,-27 至 24 克/天)。除了在女性中使用单点尿样外,该公式倾向于在蛋白质摄入量较低时高估摄入量,而在蛋白质摄入量较高时低估摄入量(斜率:男性,-0.47 [P < .0001];女性,-0.38 [P = . 002])。总之,本研究中开发的预测公式可用于预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量或对个体的摄入量进行排名,但不能用于预测个体水平的绝对摄入量。60; 女性,0.35-0.53)。即使在使用 3 个样本的平均值后,Bland-Altman 图仍显示出相当广泛的一致性(男性,-30 至 33 克/天;女性,-27 至 24 克/天)。除了在女性中使用单点尿样外,该公式倾向于在蛋白质摄入量较低时高估摄入量,而在蛋白质摄入量较高时低估摄入量(斜率:男性,-0.47 [P < .0001];女性,-0.38 [P = . 002])。总之,本研究中开发的预测公式可用于预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量或对个体的摄入量进行排名,但不能用于预测个体水平的绝对摄入量。60; 女性,0.35-0.53)。即使在使用 3 个样本的平均值后,Bland-Altman 图也显示出相当广泛的一致性(男性,-30 至 33 克/天;女性,-27 至 24 克/天)。除了在女性中使用单点尿样外,该公式倾向于在蛋白质摄入量较低时高估摄入量,而在蛋白质摄入量较高时低估摄入量(斜率:男性,-0.47 [P < .0001];女性,-0.38 [P = . 002])。总之,本研究中开发的预测公式可用于预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量或对个体的摄入量进行排名,但不能用于预测个体水平的绝对摄入量。该公式倾向于在蛋白质摄入量较低时高估和低估蛋白质摄入量(斜率:男性,-0.47 [P < .0001];女性,-0.38 [P = .002])。总之,本研究中开发的预测公式可用于预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量或对个体的摄入量进行排名,但不能用于预测个体水平的绝对摄入量。该公式倾向于在蛋白质摄入量较低时高估和低估蛋白质摄入量(斜率:男性,-0.47 [P < .0001];女性,-0.38 [P = .002])。总之,本研究中开发的预测公式可用于预测群体水平的蛋白质摄入量或对个体的摄入量进行排名,但不能用于预测个体水平的绝对摄入量。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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