Abstract Crowdsourcing, a distributed human problem-solving paradigm is an active research area which has attracted significant attention in the fields of computer science, business, and information systems. Crowdsourcing holds novelty with advantages like open innovation, scalability, and cost-efficiency. Although considerable research work is performed, however, a survey on the crowdsourcing process-technology has not been divulged yet. In this paper, we present a systematic survey of crowdsourcing in focussing emerging techniques and approaches for improving conventional and developing future crowdsourcing systems. We first present a simplified definition of crowdsourcing. Then, we propose a framework based on three major components, synthesize a wide spectrum of existing studies for various dimensions of the framework. According to the framework, we first introduce the initialization step, including task design, task settings, and incentive mechanisms. Next, in the implementation step, we look into task decomposition, crowd and platform selection, and task assignment. In the last step, we discuss different answer aggregation techniques, validation methods and reward tactics, and reputation management. Finally, we identify open issues and suggest possible research directions for the future.

中文翻译：

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众包技术的总体框架、机遇和挑战：综合调查

摘要 众包是一种分布式人类问题解决范式，是一个活跃的研究领域，在计算机科学、商业和信息系统领域引起了极大的关注。众包具有新颖性，具有开放式创新、可扩展性和成本效益等优势。虽然进行了大量的研究工作，但是，关于众包过程技术的调查还没有透露。在本文中，我们对众包进行了系统的调查，重点关注用于改进传统和开发未来众包系统的新兴技术和方法。我们首先提出众包的简化定义。然后，我们提出了一个基于三个主要组成部分的框架，综合了该框架各个维度的广泛现有研究。根据框架，我们首先介绍初始化步骤，包括任务设计、任务设置和激励机制。接下来，在实施步骤中，我们研究任务分解、人群和平台选择以及任务分配。在最后一步，我们讨论了不同的答案聚合技术、验证方法和奖励策略以及声誉管理。最后，我们确定未解决的问题并提出未来可能的研究方向。