A wide array of molecular pathways has been investigated during the past decade in order to understand the mechanisms by which the practice of physical exercise promotes neuroprotection and reduces the risk of developing communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. While a single session of physical exercise may represent a challenge for cell homeostasis, repeated physical exercise sessions will improve immunosurveillance and immunocompetence. Additionally, immune cells from the central nervous system will acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype, protecting central functions from age-induced cognitive decline. This review highlights the exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effect on the prevention or treatment of common chronic clinical and experimental settings. It also suggests the use of pterins in biological fluids as sensitive biomarkers to follow the anti-inflammatory effect of physical exercise.

在过去的十年中，人们对多种分子途径进行了研究，以了解体育锻炼促进神经保护并降低患传染性和非传染性慢性疾病的风险的机制。虽然单次体育锻炼可能对细胞稳态构成挑战，但重复的体育锻炼将改善免疫监视和免疫能力。此外，中枢神经系统的免疫细胞将获得抗炎表型，保护中枢功能免受年龄引起的认知能力下降。这篇综述强调了运动引起的抗炎作用对预防或治疗常见慢性临床和实验环境的影响。它还建议使用生物体液中的蝶呤作为敏感的生物标志物来追踪体育锻炼的抗炎作用。