Likelihood ratio tests are standard statistical tools used in particle physics to perform tests of hypotheses. The null distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic is often assumed to be χ², following Wilks’ theorem. However, in many circumstances relevant to modern experiments this theorem is not applicable. In this Expert Recommendation, we overview practical ways to identify these situations and provide guidelines on how to construct valid inference. We use examples from particle physics, but the statistical constructs discussed here can be used in any scientific discipline that relies on data analysis.

中文翻译：

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使用轮廓似然比检验搜索新现象

似然比检验是粒子物理学中用于执行假设检验的标准统计工具。似然比检验统计量的零分布通常假设为χ ²，以下Wilks的定理。但是，在许多与现代实验有关的情况下，该定理不适用。在本专家建议书中，我们概述了识别这些情况的实用方法，并提供了有关如何构造有效推断的指南。我们使用了粒子物理学的例子，但是这里讨论的统计结构可以用于任何依赖数据分析的科学学科。