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The biggest bang for the buck: cost-effective vegetation treatment outcomes across drylands of the western United States.
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2151
Seth M Munson 1 , Ethan O Yackulic 1 , Lucas S Bair 2 , Stella M Copeland 3 , Kevin L Gunnell 4
Affiliation  

Restoration and rehabilitation are globally implemented to improve ecosystem condition but often without tracking treatment expenditures relative to ecological outcomes. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of widely conducted woody plant and herbaceous invasive plant removals and seeding treatments in drylands of the western United States from 2004 to 2018 to determine how land managers can optimize efforts. Woody plant cover decreased at a similar rate per dollar spent regardless of vegetation removal type, and the dominant invasive species was reduced by herbicide application. Relatively inexpensive herbicide application also had a large positive effect on seeded perennial grass cover that was enhanced by additional cost; while expensive woody mastication treatments had little effect regardless of additional cost. High seed cost was driven by including a large proportion of native species in seed mixes, and combined with high seeding cost, promoted a short‐term (2–3 yr) gain in perennial forb cover and species richness. In contrast, seeding and seed mix cost had no bearing on seeded perennial grass cover, in part, because relatively cheap nonnative seeded species rapidly increased in cover. Our results suggest the differential benefits of commonly implemented treatments aimed at reducing wildfire risk, improving wildlife habitat and forage, and reducing erosion. Given the growing need and cost of restoration and rehabilitation, we raise the importance of specifying treatment budgets and objectives, coupled with effectiveness monitoring, to improve future outcomes.

中文翻译:

最大的好处是:美国西部干旱地区具有成本效益的植被处理成果。

恢复和恢复已在全球范围内实施,以改善生态系统状况,但通常没有跟踪相对于生态结果的治疗支出。我们评估了2004年至2018年美国西部干旱地区广泛进行的木本植物和草本入侵植物的清除以及播种处理的成本效益,以确定土地管理者如何优化工作。无论采用何种植被清除方式,木本植物的覆盖率均以每美元花费的相似速率减少,而主要的入侵物种因施用除草剂而减少。相对便宜的除草剂施用还对种子多年生草皮产生了很大的积极影响,但增加了成本。昂贵的木质咀嚼治疗效果不佳,无论是否要支付额外费用。较高的种子成本是由于将大量的本地物种纳入种子混合物中,再加上较高的播种成本,促进了多年生福布覆盖和物种丰富度的短期(2-3年)增长。相反,播种和种子混合成本与多年生种子的草皮没有关系,部分原因是相对便宜的非本地种子物种的草皮迅速增加。我们的结果表明,旨在降低野火风险,改善野生动植物栖息地和牧草以及减少侵蚀的常用疗法的不同优势。鉴于恢复和康复的需求和成本不断增长,我们提高了指定治疗预算和目标以及有效性监测的重要性,以改善未来的结果。促进了常年森林覆盖率和物种丰富度的短期(2-3年)增长。相反,播种和种子混合成本与多年生种子的草皮没有关系,部分原因是相对便宜的非本地种子物种的草皮迅速增加。我们的结果表明,旨在降低野火风险,改善野生动植物栖息地和牧草以及减少侵蚀的常用疗法的不同优势。鉴于恢复和康复的需求和成本不断增长,我们提高了指定治疗预算和目标以及有效性监测的重要性,以改善未来的结果。促进了常年森林覆盖率和物种丰富度的短期(2-3年)增长。相反,播种和种子混合成本与多年生种子的草皮没有关系,部分原因是相对便宜的非本地种子种的草皮迅速增加。我们的结果表明,旨在降低野火风险,改善野生动植物栖息地和牧草以及减少侵蚀的常用疗法的不同优势。鉴于恢复和康复的需求和成本不断增长,我们提高了指定治疗预算和目标以及有效性监测的重要性,以改善未来的结果。因为相对便宜的非本地种子物种的覆盖率迅速增加。我们的结果表明,旨在降低野火风险,改善野生动植物栖息地和牧草以及减少侵蚀的常用疗法的不同优势。鉴于恢复和康复的需求和成本不断增长,我们提高了指定治疗预算和目标以及有效性监测的重要性,以改善未来的结果。因为相对便宜的非本地种子物种的覆盖率迅速增加。我们的结果表明,旨在减少野火风险,改善野生动植物栖息地和牧草以及减少侵蚀的常用疗法的不同优势。鉴于恢复和康复的需求和成本不断增长,我们提高了指定治疗预算和目标以及有效性监测的重要性,以改善未来的结果。
更新日期:2020-04-27
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