Graphene stimulates the nucleation and growth rate of NaCl crystals from hypersaline solution via membrane crystallization,Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology

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Graphene stimulates the nucleation and growth rate of NaCl crystals from hypersaline solution via membrane crystallization
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1039/c9ew01124b
Maria Luisa Perrotta _{1,

2,

3} , Francesca Macedonio _{1,

2,

3} , Elena Tocci _{1,

2,

3} , Lidietta Giorno _{1,

2,

3} , Enrico Drioli _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Annarosa Gugliuzza _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

Membrane crystallization (MCr) is regarded as a powerful tool for promoting the formation of crystals of salt from hypersaline solutions such as seawater brine. In this kind of process, a hydrophobic membrane is used to remove water in the form of vapor from a saline solution. As a consequence, super-saturation is produced and crystals of salt are formed in the retentate. Today, the major concern is the restricted industrial process scale up for this technology. This is due to the lack of membranes with features designed to handle MCr processes suitably. A higher yield of uniformly sized and shaped crystals is targetable. Herein, composite PVDF–graphene membranes are proposed as interactive interfaces for adjusting nucleation-and-growth events in the MCr process. An experimental in silico study is proposed to examine the steps which precede the crystallization and regulate the formation of crystals. Well-established interactions at the graphene–solution interface are envisaged to stimulate continually water sequestration from ion–water clusters and promote ion–ion aggregation. Reduced nucleation time and increased growth rate of the crystals are detected. Coefficients of variation of 26.7–32.2% are estimated, yielding an indication of a major uniformity of the crystals. Both the experimental and theoretical findings provide interesting indications of the capacity of the graphene to direct the nucleation and growth of minerals on a scale of time and space.

中文翻译：

石墨烯通过膜结晶刺激高盐溶液中NaCl晶体的形核和生长速率

膜结晶（MCr）被认为是促进从高盐溶液（如海水盐水）中形成盐晶体的有力工具。在这种方法中，疏水膜用于从盐溶液中除去蒸气形式的水。结果，产生了过饱和并且在渗余物中形成了盐的晶体。如今，主要关注点是该技术的工业规模扩大规模受到限制。这是由于缺少具有设计用于适当处理MCr工艺的功能的膜。目标是更高的均匀尺寸和形状的晶体产量。在此，提出了复合PVDF-石墨烯膜作为交互界面，用于调节MCr过程中的成核和生长事件。实验计算机建议进行研究以检查结晶之前的步骤并调节晶体的形成。设想在石墨烯-溶液界面建立良好的相互作用，以不断刺激离子-水团簇的固水并促进离子-离子的聚集。检测到减少的成核时间和增加的晶体生长速率。估计变异系数为26.7–32.2％，这表明晶体具有主要的均匀性。实验和理论上的发现都为石墨烯在时间和空间尺度上指导矿物成核和生长的能力提供了有趣的指示。

更新日期：2020-04-28

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