Abstract The present paper focuses on green defaults as demand-side policies supporting the uptake of renewable energy in Germany. It sets out to gain a better understanding of whether and for whom green electricity defaults work. The present study is one of the first to use a large-scale data set to investigate this question. We combine micro-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) covering private households (including a wealth of individual information) with macro-level information such as population density of a region and proportion of energy suppliers in a given region that use a green opt-out tariff within their basic supply. We show that in Germany, green defaults, automatically enrolling customers in renewable energy sources, tend to stick, especially but not only among those who are concerned about the problem of climate change. This finding, based on real-world rather than experimental evidence, attests to the power of automatic enrollment in addressing environmental problems in Germany and potentially beyond, including climate change, and also adds to the growing literature on the substantial effects of shifting from opt-in to opt-out strategies.

中文翻译：

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绿色违约的力量：选择退出关税的地区差异对德国绿色能源需求的影响

摘要 本文将绿色违约作为支持德国采用可再生能源的需求侧政策。它旨在更好地了解绿色电力违约是否以及为谁运作。本研究是最早使用大规模数据集来研究这个问题的研究之一。我们将来自德国社会经济委员会 (GSOEP) 的微观层面数据（包括大量个人信息）与宏观层面信息相结合，例如一个地区的人口密度和特定地区使用能源的能源供应商的比例。基本供应范围内的绿色选择退出关税。我们表明，在德国，绿色违约，自动为客户注册可再生能源，倾向于坚持，特别是但不仅限于那些关注气候变化问题的人。这一发现基于现实世界而不是实验证据，证明了自动注册在解决德国及其他地区的环境问题（包括气候变化）方面的力量，并且还增加了越来越多的关于从选择转移的实质性影响的文献。选择退出策略。