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Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency.
BMC Molecular and Cell Biology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00272-3
Liya Wang 1 , Ren Sun 1 , Staffan Eriksson 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Deficiency in thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) or p53 inducible ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (p53R2) is associated with tissue specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. To understand the mechanisms of the tissue specific mtDNA depletion we systematically studied key enzymes in dTMP synthesis in mitochondrial and cytosolic extracts prepared from adult rat tissues. RESULTS In addition to mitochondrial TK2 a cytosolic isoform of TK2 was characterized, which showed similar substrate specificity to the mitochondrial TK2. Total TK activity was highest in spleen and lowest in skeletal muscle. Thymidylate synthase (TS) was detected in cytosols and its activity was high in spleen but low in other tissues. TS protein levels were high in heart, brain and skeletal muscle, which deviated from TS activity levels. The p53R2 proteins were at similar levels in all tissues except liver where it was ~ 6-fold lower. Our results strongly indicate that mitochondria in most tissues are capable of producing enough dTTP for mtDNA replication via mitochondrial TK2, but skeletal muscle mitochondria do not and are most likely dependent on both the salvage and de novo synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION These results provide important information concerning mechanisms for the tissue dependent variation of dTTP synthesis and explained why deficiency in TK2 or p53R2 leads to skeletal muscle dysfunctions. Furthermore, the presence of a putative cytosolic TK2-like enzyme may provide basic knowledge for the understanding of deoxynucleoside-based therapy for mitochondrial disorders.

中文翻译:

成年大鼠组织胸苷核苷酸合成中胞质酶的基本生化特征:对组织特异性线粒体DNA耗竭和基于TK2缺乏的脱氧核苷的治疗的影响。

背景技术胸苷激酶2(TK2)或p53可诱导的核糖核苷酸还原酶小亚基(p53R2)的缺乏与组织特异性线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的消耗有关。为了了解组织特异性mtDNA消耗的机制,我们系统地研究了从成年大鼠组织制备的线粒体和胞质提取物中dTMP合成中的关键酶。结果除了线粒体TK2外,还对TK2的胞质亚型进行了表征,其与线粒体TK2具有相似的底物特异性。总TK活性在脾脏中最高,而在骨骼肌中最低。在细胞质中检测到胸苷酸合酶(TS),其活性在脾脏中较高,而在其他组织中较低。心脏,大脑和骨骼肌中的TS蛋白水平较高,这与TS活性水平不同。在所有组织中,p53R2蛋白的水平均相似,但肝脏除外,其低约6倍。我们的结果有力地表明,大多数组织中的线粒体能够通过线粒体TK2产生足够的dTTP,以用于mtDNA复制,但骨骼肌线粒体却并非如此,并且极有可能依赖于挽救和从头合成途径。结论这些结果提供了有关dTTP合成的组织依赖性变异的机制的重要信息,并解释了为什么TK2或p53R2缺乏会导致骨骼肌功能障碍。此外,假定的胞质TK2样酶的存在可能为了解基于脱氧核苷的线粒体疾病治疗提供基础知识。我们的结果有力地表明,大多数组织中的线粒体能够通过线粒体TK2产生足够的dTTP,以用于mtDNA复制,但骨骼肌线粒体却并非如此,并且极有可能依赖于挽救和从头合成途径。结论这些结果提供了有关dTTP合成的组织依赖性变异的机制的重要信息,并解释了为什么TK2或p53R2缺乏会导致骨骼肌功能障碍。此外,假定的胞质TK2样酶的存在可能为了解基于脱氧核苷的线粒体疾病治疗提供基础知识。我们的结果有力地表明,大多数组织中的线粒体能够通过线粒体TK2产生足够的dTTP,以用于mtDNA复制,但骨骼肌线粒体却并非如此,并且极有可能依赖于挽救和从头合成途径。结论这些结果提供了有关dTTP合成的组织依赖性变异的机制的重要信息,并解释了为什么TK2或p53R2缺乏会导致骨骼肌功能障碍。此外,假定的胞质TK2样酶的存在可能为了解基于脱氧核苷的线粒体疾病治疗提供基础知识。但是骨骼肌线粒体却并非如此,最有可能依赖于挽救和从头合成途径。结论这些结果提供了有关dTTP合成的组织依赖性变异的机制的重要信息,并解释了为什么TK2或p53R2缺乏会导致骨骼肌功能障碍。此外,假定的胞质TK2样酶的存在可能为了解基于脱氧核苷的线粒体疾病治疗提供基础知识。但是骨骼肌线粒体却并非如此,最有可能依赖于挽救和从头合成途径。结论这些结果提供了有关dTTP合成的组织依赖性变异的机制的重要信息,并解释了为什么TK2或p53R2缺乏会导致骨骼肌功能障碍。此外,假定的胞质TK2样酶的存在可能为了解基于脱氧核苷的线粒体疾病治疗提供基础知识。
更新日期:2020-04-28
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