Recent progress has highlighted the involvement of a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells in lupus nephritis. These include activated neutrophils producing extracellular chromatin traps that induce type I interferon production and endothelial injury, metabolically-rewired IL-17-producing T-cells causing tissue inflammation, follicular and extra-follicular helper T-cells promoting the maturation of autoantibody-producing B-cells that may also sustain the formation of germinal centers, and alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages participating in tissue repair and remodeling. The role of resident cells such as podocytes and tubular epithelial cells is increasingly recognized in regulating the local immune responses and determining the kidney function and integrity. These findings are corroborated by advanced, high-throughput genomic studies, which have revealed an unprecedented amount of data highlighting the molecular heterogeneity of immune and non-immune cells implicated in lupus kidney disease. Importantly, this research has led to the discovery of putative pathogenic pathways, enabling the rationale design of novel treatments.

中文翻译：

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狼疮性肾炎的细胞和分子方面的更新。

最近的进展突出了狼疮性肾炎中多种先天性和适应性免疫细胞的参与。这些包括活化的嗜中性粒细胞，产生诱导I型干扰素产生和内皮损伤的细胞外染色质陷阱，代谢重新连接的产生IL-17的T细胞引起组织炎症，卵泡和滤泡外辅助T细胞，促进自身抗体B的成熟。 -还可以维持生发中心形成的细胞，以及参与组织修复和重塑的活化单核细胞/巨噬细胞。常驻细胞如足细胞和肾小管上皮细胞在调节局部免疫反应和确定肾脏功能和完整性中的作用得到越来越多的认识。这些发现得到了先进，高通量基因组研究表明，前所未有的数据量突显了与狼疮肾病有关的免疫细胞和非免疫细胞的分子异质性。重要的是，这项研究导致了推定的致病途径的发现，从而可以设计出新颖的治疗方法。