Abstract This paper considers a process through which the wind costs the agricultural industry hundreds of millions of pounds per year - crop lodging. Lodging is the displacement of crops by wind (and rain) that can result in either stem breakage or uprooting. In particular this paper builds upon recent work to develop a generalised model of the lodging process and presents the results of several experimental campaigns to identify dynamic and aerodynamic parameters that are required as inputs to the model in order to estimate lodging wind speeds. These experiments were carried out at various sites in the UK and the Republic of Ireland to determine the natural frequencies, damping ratios and drag areas of maize, oats and oil seed rape. The experimental methodology, which was based upon the tracking of plant displacements, was shown to be robust, and consistent values of the parameters were obtained, albeit with much larger experimental uncertainties than would normally be expected in wind engineering applications. The values of these parameters were also consistent with those of earlier measurements for wheat. The generalised model was then used to determine lodging wind speeds for the three crops, and an assessment was made of the effect of experimental uncertainties in dynamic, aerodynamic and agronomic variables on the predicted values. In broad terms the generalised lodging model was shown to well describe the crop behaviour for isolated crops, and it was shown that it could be used in a simplified form for interlocked crop canopies. It was also shown that uncertainties in the aerodynamic parameters resulted in uncertainties of around an order of magnitude in lodging risk, whilst typical variations between plants in some crop parameters (notably stem strength and radius) could result in lodging risk uncertainties of two orders of magnitude.

中文翻译：

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确定用于倒伏预测的作物动态和空气动力学参数

摘要 本文考虑了一个过程，通过该过程，风每年使农业产业损失数亿英镑 - 作物倒伏。倒伏是农作物因风（和雨）而移位，可导致茎折断或连根拔起。特别是本文建立在最近的工作基础上，开发了一个倒伏过程的广义模型，并提出了几个实验活动的结果，以确定作为模型输入所需的动态和空气动力学参数，以便估计倒伏风速。这些实验在英国和爱尔兰共和国的不同地点进行，以确定玉米、燕麦和油菜的自然频率、阻尼比和阻力面积。基于植物位移跟踪的实验方法被证明是稳健的，并且获得了一致的参数值，尽管实验不确定性比风工程应用中通常预期的要大得多。这些参数的值也与早期的小麦测量值一致。然后使用广义模型来确定三种作物的倒伏风速，并评估动态、空气动力学和农艺变量的实验不确定性对预测值的影响。从广义上讲，广义倒伏模型被证明可以很好地描述孤立作物的作物行为，并且表明它可以以简化的形式用于互锁作物冠层。还表明，空气动力学参数的不确定性导致了大约一个数量级的住宿风险的不确定性，