Abstract Municipalities and planners often hesitate to implement restrictive parking policies because residents regularly oppose any changes to on-street parking space. Residential parking is one key factor of parking management because its location and availability influence a household's car ownership and use. Moreover, as more residents regularly use other means of transportation that need space and infrastructure in the urban realm, and as parking takes up a vast amount of land, municipalities are considering the reuse of on-street parking space for other purposes. As public acceptability is a precondition for the successful implementation of a proposed policy, our empirical analysis investigates to what extent residents support restrictive and demand-oriented on-street parking policies in the dense, highly urbanized neighborhood of Frankfurt-Bornheim, Germany (N = 1027). Surprisingly, despite some variations, the majority of the residents in our survey are in favor of the policy options suggested. Support for the demand-oriented policies (extension of bicycle infrastructure, improved sharing supply and mobility hubs, neighborhood garages, and improved public transit supply) is higher than the acceptance of the restrictive policies, and of policies that are a combination of restrictive and demand-oriented policies. However, surprisingly, a majority is still in favor of many of these (extension of parking fees and parking restrictions, and reuse of parking space for better livability). Furthermore, we classify residents who live in a household with private cars into the stage model of self-regulated behavior change to analyze their intention towards a reduction in private car use. Results from linear regression analyses indicate that residents who have intentions to change their behavior towards car use reduction assess the policy options more similarly to car-free households and regular bike users, and not like the other car-owning households. The findings suggest that while the residents support financial-related policies the least, they are more receptive towards parking policies than policy makers and planners assume if the reuse of parking lots creates space for other users or if it increases the quality of life, for instance, by adding bike lanes, wider sidewalks or greenery. Hence, a combination of restrictive and demand-oriented on-street parking policies results in high acceptance among residents, and the communication from municipalities regarding the implementation of the different policies needs to vary depending on the kind of household.

中文翻译：

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支持创新的路边停车政策：来自城市社区的经验证据

摘要 市政当局和规划者经常对实施限制性停车政策犹豫不决，因为居民经常反对对路边停车位进行任何更改。住宅停车位是停车管理的关键因素之一，因为它的位置和可用性会影响家庭的汽车拥有和使用。此外，由于越来越多的居民经常使用需要城市空间和基础设施的其他交通工具，并且停车占用大量土地，市政当局正在考虑将路边停车位重新用于其他目的。由于公众的接受是成功实施拟议政策的先决条件，我们的实证分析调查了居民在多大程度上支持密集的、以需求为导向的路边停车政策，德国法兰克福-博恩海姆的高度城市化社区（N = 1027）。令人惊讶的是，尽管存在一些差异，但我们调查中的大多数居民都支持所建议的政策选择。对以需求为导向的政策（扩大自行车基础设施、改善共享供应和移动枢纽、社区车库和改善公共交通供应）的支持度高于对限制性政策以及限制性和需求相结合的政策的接受度导向政策。然而，令人惊讶的是，大多数人仍然赞成其中许多（延长停车费和停车限制，以及为了更好的宜居性而重新利用停车位）。此外，我们将居住在私家车家庭的居民划分为自我调节行为改变的阶段模型，以分析他们减少私家车使用的意图。线性回归分析的结果表明，有意向改变汽车使用减少行为的居民对政策选项的评估与无车家庭和普通自行车用户更相似，而与其他拥有汽车的家庭不同。研究结果表明，虽然居民对金融相关政策的支持最少，但他们对停车政策的接受度比政策制定者和规划者假设的如果停车场的再利用为其他用户创造空间或提高生活质量，则更容易接受。 ，通过增加自行车道、更宽的人行道或绿化。因此，