The objective of this study is to provide a well-dated point for a future palaeosecular variation (PSV) reference curve for western Russia. For this purpose archaeomagnetic and magnetic property analyses were carried out on a pottery kiln unearthed at the UNESCO World Heritage site of ancient Bolgar, having a rather precise age dating. The archaeological context provided an age between 1340 and 1360 C.E. The characteristic remanence vector was determined through alternating field demagnetisation and Thellier-Thellier palaeointensity experiments. Some innovations were introduced regarding palaeointensity. The check testing the equality of blocking and unblocking temperature was redefined. This allowed waiving the commonly used additional zero-field cooling steps during the Thellier-Thellier experiment. Another innovation concerns the calculation of archaeointensity at structure level. A Bayesian approach was introduced for averaging individual specimen archaeointensities using a prior probability distribution of unknown uncertainties. Next, an additional prior probability distribution was used to correct for cooling rate effects. This resulted in a lower uncertainty compared to common practice and in eluding time consuming cooling rate experiments. The complex magnetic mineralogy consists of maghaemite, multi-domain haematite and Al-substituted haematite. Some samples contained also some non-stoichiometric magnetite. The magnetic mineralogy was determined through hysteresis loops, backfield and remanence decay curves, measurements of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility and through low temperature magnetisation curves. Accompanying high-temperature thermomagnetic analyses revealed an excellent thermo-chemical stability of the studied specimens. Directions obtained from alternating field demagnetisation and those extracted from archaeointensity experiments are congruent and have low uncertainties. The obtained archaeomagnetic results are fairly in agreement with global geomagnetic field models and contemporary PSV data of the wider area. The geomagnetic field vector obtained for ancient Bolgar is of high quality, deserving thus its inclusion in a future PSV reference curve for European Russia.

这项研究的目的是为俄罗斯西部未来的古土壤变化（PSV）参考曲线提供一个良好的参考点。为此，在联合国教科文组织世界遗产古博尔加尔（Bolgar）出土的一个陶窑上进行了古磁和磁特性分析，其年代相当精确。考古背景提供了一个介于1340年和1360年之间的年龄。特征剩磁向量是通过交变磁场消磁和塞勒-塞勒古强度实验确定的。引入了有关古强度的一些创新。重新定义了测试温度是否相等的检查。这可以免除Thellier-Thellier实验期间常用的附加零场冷却步骤。另一个创新涉及在结构水平上的古强度的计算。引入了贝叶斯方法，使用未知不确定性的先验概率分布来平均单个标本的古细菌强度。接下来，使用其他先验概率分布来校正冷却速率影响。与通常的做法相比，这降低了不确定性，并且避免了耗时的冷却速率实验。复杂的磁性矿物学由菱铁矿，多畴赤铁矿和铝取代的赤铁矿组成。一些样品还包含一些非化学计量的磁铁矿。磁矿物学是通过磁滞回线，后场和剩磁衰减曲线，磁化率的频率依赖性测量值以及低温磁化曲线确定的。伴随高温热磁分析显示了所研究样品的出色的热化学稳定性。从交变磁场退磁获得的方向和从古强度实验中获得的方向是一致的，不确定性较低。所获得的古地磁结果与全球地磁场模型和更广泛地区的当代PSV数据相当吻合。从古代Bolgar获得的地磁场矢量具有很高的质量，因此值得将其包含在欧洲俄罗斯未来的PSV参考曲线中。所获得的古地磁结果与全球地磁场模型和更广范围的当代PSV数据完全吻合。从古代Bolgar获得的地磁场矢量具有很高的质量，因此值得将其包含在欧洲俄罗斯未来的PSV参考曲线中。所获得的古地磁结果与全球地磁场模型和更广泛地区的当代PSV数据相当吻合。从古代Bolgar获得的地磁场矢量具有很高的质量，因此值得将其包含在欧洲俄罗斯未来的PSV参考曲线中。