In multiple sclerosis, myelin sheaths around the axons are degenerated due to uncontrolled inflammation in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelin-forming cells that secrete trophic factors necessary for myelin protection. Beneficial features of conditioned medium (CM) derived from different stem cells are nowadays under investigation in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we used the differentiation capacity of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) to obtain OLs. Then, the study aimed to evaluate the status of inflammation and myelination in male experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice after intranasal administration of CM derived from OLs (OL-CM). Inflammation was studied by evaluating gliosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of inflammation indicators including NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1. Remyelination was studied by luxol fast blue staining and evaluating the expression of myelin indicators including myelin basic protein and oligodendrocyte transcription factor. In addition, we followed the trend of body weight and functional recovery during the 28-day study. ELISA assay revealed that OL-CM contained brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Data showed that OL-CM moderated inflammation, augmented remyelination and gained normal body weight. Notably, these anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of OL-CM improved neurological functions in EAE mice. In conclusion, the current study offered a new choice for treating multiple sclerosis using noninvasive intranasal administration of CM harvested from easily achievable WJMSCs-differentiated OLs.

中文翻译：

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鼻内施用源自间充质干细胞分化的少突胶质细胞的条件培养基可改善实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎

在多发性硬化症中，轴突周围的髓鞘由于中枢神经系统中不受控制的炎症而退化。少突胶质细胞 (OL) 是髓鞘形成细胞，可分泌髓鞘保护所需的营养因子。目前正在研究源自不同干细胞的条件培养基 (CM) 在治疗神经退行性疾病方面的有益特性。在这里，我们使用沃顿商学院的果冻间充质干细胞 (WJMSCs) 的分化能力来获得 OLs。然后，该研究旨在评估雄性实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎 (EAE) 小鼠在鼻内施用来自 OLs (OL-CM) 的 CM 后的炎症和髓鞘形成状态。通过评估神经胶质增生来研究炎症，炎症细胞浸润及炎症指标包括NLRP3炎性体、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素18、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、离子钙结合接头分子的表达1.通过luxol快速蓝染色研究髓鞘再生并评估髓鞘指标包括髓鞘的表达碱性蛋白和少突胶质细胞转录因子。此外，我们在 28 天的研究中跟踪了体重和功能恢复的趋势。ELISA检测显示OL-CM含有脑源性神经营养因子、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和睫状神经营养因子。数据显示 OL-CM 减轻炎症，增加髓鞘再生并获得正常体重。值得注意的是，OL-CM 的这些抗炎和再生作用改善了 EAE 小鼠的神经功能。