The objective of this review is a global assessment of the economics of second‐generation biorefineries, with a focus on the use of food waste and agricultural residues for chemical production by applying biotechnological processes. Analyses are conducted on feedstock and product distribution, applied economic models, and profitability figures for the period 2013–2018. In a study of 163 articles on different biorefinery systems, the production of chemicals is identified as the second major product class, after bioenergy. Bagasse and straw are frequently analyzed second‐generation feedstocks. Based on the evaluation of 22 articles, second‐generation biorefineries producing chemicals by applying biotechnological processes proves to be economically feasible. On average, both the internal rate of return (IRR) and the return on investment (ROI) are 20% and the payback period (PP) is 6 years. The cost share of feedstock in biorefineries is between 0–50%. The price of the end product and the fermentation yields have the most impact on profitability. The processing of food waste that has industrial and municipal origins appears more economical than the processing of agricultural residues. Scientists, policy makers and entrepreneurs with an appropriate risk tolerance are advised to pay particular attention to municipal food waste and the potential economic production of carboxylic acids. For various economic issues related to biorefineries, dynamic‐deterministic models are recommended, which can be extended by a stochastic model. This review provides an initial overview of the economic feasibility of second‐generation biorefineries. Further techno‐economic analyses are required to produce statistically significant statements on key profitability figures. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

---

通过应用生物技术过程对提供化学品的第二代生物精炼厂进行经济评估研究的系统分析

此次审查的目的是对第二代生物精炼厂的经济性进行全球评估，重点是通过应用生物技术工艺，将厨余和农业残余物用于化学生产。对2013-2018年期间的原料和产品分配，应用的经济模型以及获利能力数据进行了分析。在对有关不同生物精炼系统的163篇文章的研究中，化学产品的生产被确定为仅次于生物能源的第二大主要产品类别。蔗渣和稻草经常被分析为第二代原料。根据对22篇文章的评估，采用生物技术工艺生产化学品的第二代生物精炼厂在经济上被证明是可行的。一般，内部收益率（IRR）和投资回报率（ROI）均为20％，投资回收期（PP）为6年。生物精炼厂中原料的成本份额在0％至50％之间。最终产品的价格和发酵产量对盈利能力影响最大。与工业残余物相比，具有工业和城市起源的食物垃圾的处理似乎更经济。建议具有适当风险承受力的科学家，政策制定者和企业家特别注意城市食物垃圾和潜在的经济羧酸生产。对于与生物精炼厂有关的各种经济问题，建议采用动态确定性模型，可以通过随机模型进行扩展。这篇综述初步概述了第二代生物精炼厂的经济可行性。需要进行进一步的技术经济分析，以得出关于关键利润率数据的具有统计意义的报表。©2020作者。化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.出版的生物燃料，生物产品和生物精制。