Objective Pectinase is an industrially important enzyme which is employed in an array of commercial processes; cost of production, however, impedes its application. The main objective of this study was to design a two-layered strategy for the reduction of production cost, firstly by using a yeast co-culture in an immobilized form on an agricultural waste matrix, corncob (CB), secondly by utilizing orange peels (OP) as substrate. Results Two yeast strains, Saccaromyces cerevisiae MK-157 and Geotrichum candidum AA15 were cultivated as mono-, as well as, co-culture after immobilization on CB and pectinase production was monitored. Initial experiments revealed that co-culture is beneficial to get sustainable product in subsequent 2nd and 3rd production cycles. The factors affecting pectinase production in consecutive three production cycles were studied by employing Plackett–Burman design and the significant factors were optimized through Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, 17.89 IU mL −1 of pectinase was obtained. Scanning electron micrographs presented damaged immobilized yeast cells on CB after the 3rd production cycle. Conclusion The pectinase production was improved substantially by using immobilized co-culture and hence the strategy was found effective at lab scale. Since, pectinase is applied in orange juice clarification, therefore, the study can be extended to move forward towards circular economy.

中文翻译：

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在橙皮上共培养玉米芯固定化酵母生产果胶酶

目的果胶酶是一种工业上重要的酶，可用于一系列商业过程；然而，生产成本阻碍了其应用。本研究的主要目的是设计一种降低生产成本的两层策略，首先通过在农业废弃物基质玉米芯 (CB) 上以固定形式使用酵母共培养物，其次通过利用橙皮。 OP）作为底物。结果 两种酵母菌株，酿酒酵母 MK-157 和白地霉 AA15 在固定于 CB 和果胶酶生产后作为单培养和共培养培养。初步实验表明，共培养有利于在随后的第 2 和第 3 生产周期中获得可持续的产品。采用Plackett-Burman设计研究了连续三个生产周期中影响果胶酶产量的因素，并通过Box-Behnken设计优化了显着因素。在优化条件下，获得17.89 IU mL -1 果胶酶。扫描电子显微照片显示在第 3 个生产周期后 CB 上损坏的固定酵母细胞。结论 通过使用固定化共培养显着提高了果胶酶的产量，因此发现该策略在实验室规模上是有效的。由于果胶酶用于橙汁澄清，因此，该研究可以扩展到循环经济。扫描电子显微照片显示在第 3 个生产周期后 CB 上损坏的固定酵母细胞。结论 通过使用固定化共培养显着提高了果胶酶的产量，因此发现该策略在实验室规模上是有效的。由于果胶酶用于橙汁澄清，因此，该研究可以扩展到循环经济。扫描电子显微照片显示在第 3 个生产周期后 CB 上损坏的固定酵母细胞。结论 通过使用固定化共培养显着提高了果胶酶的产量，因此发现该策略在实验室规模上是有效的。由于果胶酶用于橙汁澄清，因此，该研究可以扩展到循环经济。