Additive manufacturing, also termed 3D printing, enables economical, dynamic and rapid fabrication of customisable three-dimensional (3D) devices catering for specialised functions. Herein, we report the fabrication of 3D-printed graphene electrodes by fused deposition modelling (FDM), which were then used for the electrochemical detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA). Chemical and electrochemical pre-treatment procedures were applied to remove the inert polylactic acid external layer from the graphene electrodes, exposing and activating the inner graphene surface. These procedures enhanced the sensitivity of the electrodes towards electrochemical detection of ZEA. The activated 3D-printed graphene electrodes displayed a good linear response (r = 0.995) over a wide concentration range (10 to 300 µM). This proof-of-concept application opens up a wide range of possibilities for the fabrication of 3D-printed electrochemical devices for use in food analysis and food safety.

增材制造（也称为3D打印）可以经济，动态和快速地制造可定制的满足特定功能的三维（3D）设备。在这里，我们报告通过熔融沉积建模（FDM）制造3D打印的石墨烯电极，然后将其用于霉菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）的电化学检测。应用化学和电化学预处理程序以从石墨烯电极上去除惰性聚乳酸外层，从而暴露并活化石墨烯内表面。这些程序提高了电极对ZEA电化学检测的灵敏度。激活的3D打印石墨烯电极显示出良好的线性响应（r = 0.995）在较宽的浓度范围（10至300 µM）内。这一概念验证应用为食品分析和食品安全中使用的3D打印电化学设备的制造提供了广泛的可能性。