During the past decades, there have been enormous developments in catalysis in the form of great innovations such as precise structure characterization, surface functionalization, and effective utilization of active sites. In both academic and industrial sectors, the development of efficient nanosized catalysts has received considerable attention because it can improve the efficiency of the catalytic process and the selectivity of products, which can minimize the overall production cost and the amount of chemical wastes generated by improving the atomic efficiency. However, bulk-scale synthesis and utilization of nanocatalysts are hindered by the high synthetic cost, tedious synthesis procedure, and difficulty in the separation and recovery of the catalysts after the reactions. In this context, superparamagnetic nanoparticles have attracted much attention as a catalyst and as a support owing to their robust structure, low cost, environmental benignity, and easy separation under an external magnetic response. In this review, we focused on organic catalysis and photocatalysis using magnetically retrievable core–shell nanocatalysts with various functionalities. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of magnetic core–shell nanocatalysts with suitable functionalities for catalysis, recent developments in organic and photocatalytic reactions using core–shell catalysts, and challenges to be addressed as part of future research activities. The first part summarizes the various synthetic methods of magnetic nanocores, and the second part overviews the detailed functionalization methods for the growth of shells on the surface of the magnetic nanocores, along with the merits and challenges to-date. In the last section, the efficiency, recoverability, and reusability of magnetic core–shell nanocatalysts are reviewed for a variety of organic and photocatalytic reactions.

在过去的几十年中，催化领域以巨大的创新形式取得了巨大的发展，例如精确的结构表征，表面功能化和有效利用活性位点。在学术和工业领域，开发高效的纳米催化剂受到了相当大的关注，因为它可以提高催化过程的效率和产品的选择性，从而可以通过改善催化剂的生产来最大程度地降低总体生产成本和化学废物的产生量。原子效率。然而，由于合成成本高，合成过程繁琐以及反应后催化剂的分离和回收困难，阻碍了大规模合成和利用纳米催化剂。在这种情况下，超顺磁性纳米粒子由于其坚固的结构，低成本，环境友好以及在外部磁响应下易于分离而作为催化剂和载体引起了广泛关注。在这篇综述中，我们着重于使用具有各种功能的可磁性回收的核壳纳米催化剂进行有机催化和光催化。这篇综述全面概述了具有催化功能的磁性核-壳纳米催化剂的合成，使用核-壳催化剂的有机和光催化反应的最新进展，以及作为未来研究活动的一部分而面临的挑战。第一部分总结了磁性纳米核的各种合成方法，第二部分概述了用于在磁性纳米核表面上生长壳的详细功能化方法，以及迄今为止的优点和挑战。在最后一节中，对磁核-壳纳米催化剂在各种有机和光催化反应中的效率，可回收性和可重复使用性进行了综述。