The Ti/Al₃Ti metal/intermetallic laminate (MIL) composite is a new armor material, which combines the toughness of metal with the high specific stiffness, strength, and creep resistance of the intermetallic components.^1–4 The laminate structure and damage mode allowed for higher impact energy of the Ti/Al₃Ti composite than other materials. The ballistic performance of the composite has been studied experimentally by Harach, who found that the protective properties are similar to armor steel.⁵ Fan et al. simulated the ballistic test by two-dimensional (2D) finite element programming to obtain the stress responses and damage evolution, and the failure and energy-absorbing mechanisms of the Ti/Al₃Ti composite were analyzed on the simulation results.⁶ Many researchers have also studied the damage process of Ti/Al₃Ti by simulation technology. The strength model, damage, and failure model of Ti/Al₃Ti composite were established by Zelepugin and Shpakov, and in this model, the material strength was highly affected by temperature and failure degree.⁷ The established model was used to simulate the process of tungsten alloy projectile penetration through the composite, and the simulation results indicate that the Ti/Al₃Ti has a better ballistic performance than titanium alloy and intermetallic Al₃Ti.⁸ The material model of the Al₃Ti matrix was developed on the basis of the Johnson–Holmquist-Ceramics (JH-2) constitutive model in our previous study, which can be used to simulate the mechanical responses of the Ti/Al₃Ti matrix.^9,10 In the above research, the interface between the Ti and Al₃Ti layers was ignored. The interface plays an important role in the protective mechanism, and the interfacial damage affects the complete failure process of the material.

中文翻译：

---

Ti / Al ₃ Ti层状复合材料弹道性能的实验和模拟研究

Ti / Al ₃ Ti金属/金属间层压板（MIL）复合材料是一种新型的装甲材料，它将金属的韧性与金属间组分的高比刚度，强度和抗蠕变性结合在一起。^1-4层压板的结构和损坏方式使Ti / Al ₃ Ti复合材料具有比其他材料更高的冲击能。Harach对复合材料的弹道性能进行了实验研究，发现其防护性能与装甲钢相似。⁵ Fan等。通过二维（2D）有限元程序模拟弹道测试，以获得应力响应和损伤演化，以及Ti / Al ₃的破坏和能量吸收机理对钛复合材料的模拟结果进行了分析。⁶许多研究人员还通过模拟技术研究了Ti / Al ₃ Ti的损伤过程。Zelepugin和Shpakov建立了Ti / Al ₃ Ti复合材料的强度模型，损伤和破坏模型，在该模型中，材料强度受温度和破坏程度的影响很大。⁷建立的模型用于模拟钨合金弹丸穿透复合材料的过程，仿真结果表明，Ti / Al ₃ Ti的弹道性能优于钛合金和金属间化合物Al ₃ Ti。⁸ Al ₃的材料模型Ti基体是在我们先前的研究中基于Johnson-Holmquist-Ceramics（JH-2）本构模型开发的，可用于模拟Ti / Al ₃ Ti基体的机械响应。^9,10在上述研究中，忽略了Ti和Al ₃ Ti层之间的界面。界面在保护机制中起着重要作用，界面破坏影响材料的完全破坏过程。