Abstract

Background

In 2015, Collins and Varmus articulated a vision for precision medicine emphasizing molecular characterization of illness to identify actionable biomarkers to support individualized treatment. Researchers have argued for a broader conceptualization, precision health. Precision health is an ambitious conceptualization of health, which includes dynamic linkages between research and practice as well as medicine, population health, and public health. The goal is a unified approach to match a full range of promotion, prevention, diagnostic, and treatment interventions to fundamental and actionable determinants of health; to not just address symptoms, but to directly target genetic, biological, environmental, and social and behavioral determinants of health.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role of social and behavioral sciences within precision health.

Main body

Recent technologies, research frameworks, and methods are enabling new approaches to measure, intervene, and conduct social and behavioral science research. These approaches support three opportunities in precision health that the social and behavioral sciences could colead including: (a) developing interventions that continuously “tune” to each person’s evolving needs; (b) enhancing and accelerating links between research and practice; and (c) studying mechanisms of change in real-world contexts. There are three challenges for precision health: (a) methods of knowledge organization and curation; (b) ethical conduct of research; and (c) equitable implementation of precision health.

Conclusions

Precision health requires active coleadership from social and behavioral scientists. Prior work and evidence firmly demonstrate why the social and behavioral sciences should colead with regard to three opportunity and three challenge areas.

中文翻译：

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精准健康：社会和行为科学在推进愿景中的作用。

 抽象的

 背景

2015 年，Collins 和 Varmus 阐述了精准医学的愿景，强调疾病的分子特征，以确定可操作的生物标志物来支持个体化治疗。研究人员主张更广泛的概念化、精确的健康。精准健康是一个雄心勃勃的健康概念，包括研究与实践以及医学、人口健康和公共卫生之间的动态联系。目标是采取统一的方法，将全方位的促进、预防、诊断和治疗干预措施与健康的基本和可操作的决定因素相匹配；不仅要解决症状，还要直接针对健康的遗传、生物、环境、社会和行为决定因素。

 目的

本文的目的是阐明社会和行为科学在精准健康中的作用。

 主体

最新的技术、研究框架和方法正在启用新的方法来衡量、干预和进行社会和行为科学研究。这些方法支持社会科学和行为科学可以共同引领的精准健康的三个机会，包括： (a) 制定不断“调整”每个人不断变化的需求的干预措施； (b) 加强和加速研究与实践之间的联系； (c) 研究现实世界中的变化机制。精准健康面临三大挑战：（a）知识组织和管理方法； (b) 研究的道德行为； (c) 公平实施精准医疗。

 结论

精准健康需要社会和行为科学家的积极共同领导。先前的工作和证据有力地证明了为什么社会科学和行为科学应该在三个机遇和三个挑战领域共同引领。