Ninety-five per cent of Indian households now have access to liquified petroleum gas (LPG), with 80 million acquiring it under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) since 2016. Still, having a connection is not enough to eliminate household air pollution. Studying panel data from rural households in six major states from 2014–2015 and 2018, we assess the determinants of cooking energy transition from solid fuels to LPG. We find that PMUY beneficiaries have much lower odds of using LPG as the primary or exclusive fuel compared with general customers, irrespective of their economic status. Village-level penetration of LPG as a primary fuel and the years of LPG use positively influence its sustained use, while ease of access to freely available biomass and reliance on uncertain and irregular income sources hinder LPG use. The findings highlight the need to interlace cooking fuel policies with rural development, to enable a complete transition towards cleaner cooking fuels.

95% 的印度家庭现在可以获得液化石油气 (LPG)，其中 8000 万在Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana下获得(PMUY) 自 2016 年以来。不过，拥有连接还不足以消除家庭空气污染。我们研究了 2014-2015 年和 2018 年六个主要州的农村家庭的面板数据，评估了烹饪能源从固体燃料向 LPG 过渡的决定因素。我们发现，与普通客户相比，PMUY 受益人使用 LPG 作为主要或专用燃料的几率要低得多，无论他们的经济状况如何。液化石油气作为主要燃料的村级渗透率和液化石油气的使用年限对其持续使用产生了积极影响，而免费获得生物质的便利性以及对不确定和不规则收入来源的依赖阻碍了液化石油气的使用。调查结果强调了将烹饪燃料政策与农村发展结合起来的必要性，以实现向清洁烹饪燃料的完全过渡。