The abused antibiotic residue either in natural environment or food is a serious issue for both public health and ecological environment. Therefore, various techniques have been developed for the qualitative and quantitative of trace antibiotics in food, drinking water and human body fluid. Among them, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a developing technique, which outstands itself with high sensitivity and selectivity. Our presentation takes especially great care to highlight the main progresses and challenges of SERS in the trace antibiotic detection in aquatic, biosystem and food science to illustrate key aspects of this technology. Even though many advances have already been made in this area, there are many hurdles, such as the sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility, need to be overcome to bring this technology up to the level of the on-site practical application in aquatic environment. This review is written for specialists in the field and a general environment–ecosystem–chemistry readership.

在自然环境或食物中滥用的抗生素残留物对于公共卫生和生态环境都是一个严重的问题。因此，已经开发了用于定性和定量食物，饮用水和人体液中微量抗生素的各种技术。其中，表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是一项发展中的技术，以其高灵敏度和高选择性脱颖而出。我们的演讲特别注意强调SERS在水生，生物系统和食品科学中的痕量抗生素检测中的主要进展和挑战，以说明该技术的关键方面。尽管在该领域已经取得了许多进步，但仍然存在许多障碍，例如灵敏度，选择性，稳定性和可重复性，需要克服以使该技术达到在水生环境中现场实际应用的水平。这篇评论是为该领域的专家以及一般环境（生态系统）化学读者而写的。