The design of advanced electrochemical sensors and biosensors is of significant importance due to the growing of environmental pollution through the increasing globalization and unregulated discharged compounds from industry, human, animal and nature. The state-of-the-art gold (Au) nanomaterials based electrode materials enable the major advances on sensor research and industries for environmental monitoring applications, featuring the rapid and stable response, high sensitivity and selectivity, and ease of miniaturization. The utilization and prospects of Au nanomaterials such as Au nanoparticles, Au nanoclusters, nanoporous Au and their nanocomposites on the design of electrochemical sensors for the detection of chemical pollutants are the key focus of the present review. The unique physicochemical and electrocatalytic possessions of Au nanomaterials may empower the development of advanced sensor systems for the detection and determination of emerging pollutants, which have unlocked up the opportunity of fashioning novel technologies based on nanoscience and electrochemistry for the real-time monitoring. Gold nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor systems have a strong potential for environmental monitoring through enhanced and stable analytical capabilities.

先进的电化学传感器和生物传感器的设计具有重要意义，这是由于全球化的加剧以及来自工业，人类，动物和自然界的不受管制的排放化合物导致环境污染的加剧。基于金（Au）纳米材料的最新电极材料在传感器研究和环境监测应用行业中取得了重大进展，具有快速，稳定的响应，高灵敏度和选择性以及易于小型化的特点。金纳米材料，金纳米团簇，纳米多孔金及其纳米复合材料等金纳米材料在用于化学污染物检测的电化学传感器设计中的应用和前景是本综述的重点。金纳米材料独特的物理化学和电催化性能可以促进先进传感器系统的开发，以检测和确定新兴污染物，从而释放了开发基于纳米科学和电化学的实时监测新技术的机会。通过增强和稳定的分析能力，基于金纳米材料的电化学传感器系统具有强大的环境监测潜力。