Optimisation of Formation and Conditioning Protocols for Lithium‐Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries,Batteries & Supercaps

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Optimisation of Formation and Conditioning Protocols for Lithium‐Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries
Batteries & Supercaps ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 , DOI: 10.1002/batt.202000048
Irene Rubio Lopez ₁ , Michael J. Lain ₁ , Emma Kendrick _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The formation process and subsequent conditioning (cell ageing) protocols for a commercial EV lithium‐ion cell chemistry have been studied to understand their effect on the electrochemical performance and chemical interface. The temperature and duration were varied for both the formation and conditioning steps, and the state of charge was investigated for the conditioning step. The optimum conditioning temperature was shown to be dependent on the previous formation conditions. After formation at room temperature, a longer cycle life was observed when conditioning was performed at 5 °C. After formation at 5 °C, conditioning at 45 °C gave the best cycle life. These results show that the conditioning process is important for cell longevity, and is dependent upon the initial formation. The formation process creates an initial interface layer from reduction of the electrolyte, which rearranges chemically during conditioning. The rearrangement has been followed though impedance studies and XPS analysis. After conditioning at 45 °C, surface analysis of the graphite showed increased quantities of boron and phosphorus in the interface layer, and the fluorine content increased by 20 % during the conditioning process. For low temperature formation, greater levels of lithium and oxygen were observed, which subsequently decreased during conditioning.

中文翻译：

锂离子电动汽车电池的形成和调节方案的优化

已经研究了商用EV锂离子电池化学的形成过程和随后的调节（电池老化）方案，以了解它们对电化学性能和化学界面的影响。对于形成步骤和调节步骤，改变温度和持续时间，并研究调节步骤的荷电状态。最佳调节温度显示出取决于先前的形成条件。在室温下形成后，当在5°C下进行调节时，观察到更长的循环寿命。在5°C下成型后，在45°C下调节可获得最佳的循环寿命。这些结果表明调节过程对于细胞寿命很重要，并且取决于初始形成。形成过程从电解质的还原产生了初始界面层，该界面层在调节过程中发生了化学重排。通过阻抗研究和XPS分析对重排进行了跟踪。在45°C下进行调节后，对石墨的表面分析显示，界面层中硼和磷的含量增加，并且在调节过程中氟含量增加了20％。对于低温形成，观察到更高水平的锂和氧，其随后在调节过程中降低。在调节过程中氟含量增加了20％。对于低温形成，观察到更高水平的锂和氧，其随后在调节过程中降低。在调节过程中氟含量增加了20％。对于低温形成，观察到更高水平的锂和氧，其随后在调节过程中降低。

更新日期：2020-04-24

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