Biodiesel production technologies, which are non‐catalytic and those involving the use of heterogeneous catalyst(s), have gained much interest owing to its high biodiesel and pure glycerol throughput. During the past 15 years, many studies were devoted to explore new catalysts as well as improve non‐catalytic technologies with aims to ultimately industrialize such biodiesel production processes. This review elucidates the main process parameters that influences non‐catalytic and heterogeneous‐catalyzed biodiesel production processes. The common parameters among these technologies include the process temperature, alcohol/oil molar ratio, pressure, catalyst loading, and feedstock quality. Optimization of these process parameters is discussed according to the use of conventional method (one factor at a time [OFAAT]) or the use of statistical methods such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and Taguchi method. In addition, recent development on non‐catalytic process and those involving the use of heterogeneous catalyst(s), such as glycerol‐free processes under supercritical conditions of alkyl donors and strategies to improve properties of heterogeneous catalyst, are also reviewed. Finally, insight based on the published techno‐economical evaluations is also tackled, and future prospects and research directions on these technologies are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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非催化和非均相酸/碱催化生物柴油生产：最新和未来发展

非催化生物柴油生产技术以及涉及使用非均相催化剂的生物柴油生产技术由于其高生物柴油和纯甘油的生产能力而引起了人们的极大兴趣。在过去的15年中，许多研究致力于探索新的催化剂以及改进非催化技术，目的是最终使这种生物柴油生产工艺产业化。这篇综述阐明了影响非催化和非均相催化生物柴油生产过程的主要过程参数。这些技术之间的共同参数包括工艺温度，醇/油摩尔比，压力，催化剂负载量和原料质量。这些过程参数的优化是根据使用常规方法（一次一个因素[OFAAT]）或使用统计方法（例如响应面方法（RSM），人工神经网络（ANN）和Taguchi方法）进行讨论的。此外，还综述了非催化方法的最新进展以及涉及使用非均相催化剂的研究进展，例如在烷基供体的超临界条件下的无甘油方法以及改善非均相催化剂性能的策略。最后，还将解决基于已发布的技术经济评估的见解，并讨论这些技术的未来前景和研究方向。本文还综述了非催化方法的最新进展以及涉及使用非均相催化剂的研究，例如在烷基供体的超临界条件下的无甘油方法以及改善非均相催化剂性能的策略。最后，还将解决基于已发布的技术经济评估的见解，并讨论这些技术的未来前景和研究方向。本文还综述了非催化方法的最新进展以及涉及使用非均相催化剂的研究，例如在烷基供体的超临界条件下的无甘油方法以及改善非均相催化剂性能的策略。最后，还将解决基于已发布的技术经济评估的见解，并讨论这些技术的未来前景和研究方向。