Low relationship quality predicts scratch contagion during tense situations in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).,American Journal of Primatology

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Low relationship quality predicts scratch contagion during tense situations in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23138
Daan W Laméris _{1,

2} , Evy van Berlo _{1,

3} , Elisabeth H M Sterck _{2,

4} , Thomas Bionda ₅ , Mariska E Kret _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Primates show various forms of behavioral contagion that are stronger between kin and friends. As a result, behavioral contagion is thought to promote group coordination, social cohesion, and possibly state matching. Aside from contagious yawning, little is known about the contagious effect of other behaviors. Scratching is commonly observed during arousal and as such may play a role within group dynamics. While the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ) is commonly considered the least social great ape, orangutans do engage in social interactions. Therefore, their social organization makes them a suitable case for studying the social function of behavioral contagion. Through behavioral observations of captive orangutans, we recorded all yawn and scratch events together with the corresponding behavior of all bystander group‐members. As yawning was rarely observed, no conclusions could be drawn regarding this behavior. Scratching was contagious and occurred within 90 s after the triggering scratch. Specifically, orangutans showed increased scratch contagion when they had seen a weakly bonded individual scratch during tense contexts. When the orangutan had not seen the triggering scratch, the contagiousness of scratching was not affected by context or relationship quality. Our results indicate that behavioral contagion is not simply higher between individuals with stronger social relationships, but that the contagiousness of behaviors may vary based on the context and on social factors. We discuss these findings in light of an adaptive function that may reduce aggression.

中文翻译：

关系质量低会预测猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus）在紧张情况下的抓痒传染。

灵长类动物表现出各种形式的行为传染，在亲戚和朋友之间更强。结果，行为传染被认为可以促进群体协调，社会凝聚力以及可能的状态匹配。除了传染性的打呵欠，其他行为的传染性影响知之甚少。刮擦通常在唤醒过程中观察到，因此可能在小组动态中起作用。而婆罗洲猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus）通常被认为是社交最少的大猩猩，猩猩确实参与社交活动。因此，他们的社会组织使其成为研究行为传染的社会功能的合适案例。通过对圈养猩猩的行为观察，我们记录了所有打哈欠和抓挠事件以及所有旁观者组成员的相应行为。由于很少观察到打哈欠，因此无法得出有关此行为的结论。划痕具有传染性，在触发划痕后90 s内发生。具体地说，猩猩在紧张的环境中看到弱结合的个体刮擦时，显示出增加的刮擦传染性。当猩猩没有看到触发性刮擦时，刮擦的传染性不受上下文或关系质量的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在具有更强社会关系的个人之间，行为传染不仅会更高，而且行为的传染性可能会根据环境和社会因素而有所不同。我们根据可能减少攻击性的自适应功能讨论这些发现。

更新日期：2020-06-23

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