Abstract The present study focused on developing a rapid, efficient, and eco-friendly method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in aqueous matrices. The proposed method was based on esterification of PFCAs by isobutyl chloroformate followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of the derivatives. Quantitation of the isobutyl esters of PFCAs was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron ionization. Under the optimal conditions, PFCAs could be determined in linear ranges of 1–1000 ng mL−1 with good correlation coefficients (r > 0.991). The limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.9 − 3.0 ng mL−1 and 2.7 − 9.0 ng mL−1, respectively. The method showed satisfactory reproducibility with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the range of 3.4 − 14.6% and 3.5 − 17.2%, respectively. It was successfully applied to determine PFCAs in several river and lake waters, ranging from 8.47 to 150.14 ng mL−1. Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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GC-MS 分散液-液微萃取法测定环境水样中的全氟烷基羧酸

摘要 本研究的重点是开发一种快速、高效且环保的方法来分析水性基质中的全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCA)。所提出的方法基于用氯甲酸异丁酯对 PFCA 进行酯化，然后对衍生物进行分散液-液微萃取 (DLLME)。PFCA 异丁酯的定量是通过气相色谱-质谱和电子电离进行的。在最佳条件下，PFCAs 可以在 1–1000 ng mL-1 的线性范围内确定，并具有良好的相关系数 (r > 0.991)。检测限和定量限范围分别为 0.9 - 3.0 ng mL-1 和 2.7 - 9.0 ng mL-1。该方法显示出令人满意的重现性，日内和日间相对标准偏差 (RSD) 范围为 3。分别为 4 - 14.6% 和 3.5 - 17.2%。它已成功应用于测定多种河流和湖泊水中的 PFCA，范围为 8.47 至 150.14 ng mL-1。图形概要