Tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) is a world famous ornamental and economically important species, but it is recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. Here, we present a protocol for induction of direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) and direct shoot organogenesis (SO) from zygotic embryos (ZEs) of Paeonia rockii and P. ostii. The results showed that explant genotypes, ZEs stages, sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) have greatly influences on in vitro morphogenesis. The highest frequency of SE (48%) and mean number of somatic embryos (5) was obtained from mature ZE of P. rockii ‘Jing Hong’ when cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (mMS) medium supplemented with 2.22 µM BA and 0.23 M sucrose.The proliferation can be achieved by recurrent production of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos on mMS medium supplemented with 0.89 µM BA. The germinated rate of somatic embryos was 45% on WPM medium containing 2.22 µM BA and 1.44 µM GA₃ after dormancy release at 4 °C under dark for 20 days. In addition, direct SO was obtained firstly in tree peony by using a variety of cytokinins. Morpho-histological analysis confirmed the initiation, development and reserve accumulation of somatic embryos and shoots. The study will be benificial to the propagation and breeding of tree peony.

牡丹（芍药节牡丹）是世界著名的观赏性和经济上重要的物种，但它是顽抗体外再生。在这里，我们提出了一个协议，用于直接体细胞胚发生（SE）和从合子胚（ZES）直接芽器官（SO）的感应紫斑牡丹和P.凤丹。结果表明外植基因型，ZEs阶段，蔗糖和植物生长调节剂（PGRs）对体外形态发生有很大的影响。SE的最高发生频率（48％）和平均体细胞胚数（5）是从洛克氏假单胞菌的成熟ZE获得的在添加了2.22 µM BA和0.23 M蔗糖的改良Murashige和Skoog（mMS）培养基上培养时，“晶红”可以通过在添加了0.89 µM BA的mMS培养基上反复产生胚性愈伤组织和体细胞胚来实现增殖。在4°C暗处释放20天后，在含有2.22 µM BA和1.44 µM GA _3的WPM培养基上，体细胞胚的发芽率为45％。此外，首先通过使用多种细胞分裂素在牡丹中直接获得SO。形态组织学分析证实了体细胞胚和芽的萌发，发育和储备积累。该研究将对牡丹的繁殖和育种有益。