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Mesozoic deposits of SW Gondwana (Namibia): unravelling Gondwanan sedimentary dispersion drivers by detrital zircon
International Journal of Earth Sciences ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s00531-020-01864-2
J. Zieger , S. Harazim , M. Hofmann , A. Gärtner , A. Gerdes , L. Marko , U. Linnemann

The Namibian Mesozoic successions may be remnant of a high dynamic sedimentary system that is characterized by multiple stages of sediment accumulation and erosion with contemporaneous homogenization starting with the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Group strata and continues at least until the Lower Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary system is interpreted to have involved at least an area covering the whole SW Gondwana, documenting the sedimentary history during the evolution from an ice house environment to an arid desert. To test the sediment homogenization hypothesis, we applied a combination of isotopic and morphometric data on detrital zircon grains, as well as whole-rock geochemical data of selected Mesozoic sandstones from Namibia. As a base for the interpretation of the detrital zircon age data we compiled a zircon age dataset with c. 44,000 analyses for the southern African region. All samples reveal a major detrital pan-African zircon age peak of c. 0.5–0.7 Ga sourced from the pan-African magmatic events occurring around the Kalahari Craton margin. The lowermost Triassic is characterized by the occurrence of additional Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic age peaks of c. 1.0–1.2 Ga and 1.8–2.0 Ga with a majority of zircon grains showing angular shapes. The protosource of these grains is interpreted to possibly be the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex and other Paleoproterozoic structural units deformed in course of the Namaqua orogeny. In contrast, other samples show a prominent Permo-Triassic age peak and completely rounded zircon grains, putatively derived from within the Gondwanides volcanic arc. The disparity in the zircon age pattern may point towards a change in provenance and also a change in the whole system of zircon recycling during the Mesozoic southern Gondwana. The Lower Triassic Neu Loore fm. are constrained to more local bedrock sources and short zircon transport distance. In contrast, zircon grains of the Middle Triassic Omingonde, the Jurassic Etjo und the Cretaceous Twyfelfontein formations are an expression for a major recycling and sediment homogenization system. The system was facilitated by an interplay between fluvial and eolian sedimentary transport systems.



中文翻译:

冈瓦纳西南部(纳米比亚)的中生代矿床:碎屑锆石揭示冈瓦纳沉积散布动因

纳米比亚中生代演替可能是高动态沉积系统的残余,其特征是沉积物积累和侵蚀的多个阶段,同时期均一化,始于Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka群地层的沉积,并至少持续到下白垩纪。下白垩纪沉积系统被解释为至少覆盖了整个冈瓦纳西南地区,记录了从冰屋环境到干旱沙漠演变过程中的沉积历史。为了检验沉积物均质化假设,我们结合了碎屑锆石颗粒的同位素和形态计量数据以及纳米比亚精选中生代砂岩的全岩石地球化学数据。作为解释碎屑锆石年龄数据的基础,我们使用c编译了锆石年龄数据集。对南部非洲地区进行了44,000次分析。所有样品均显示出c的主要碎屑泛非洲锆石年龄峰。0.5-0.7 Ga来自卡拉哈里克拉通边缘周围发生的泛非岩浆事件。最下部的三叠纪以c的中元古代和古元古代年龄峰值的出现为特征。1.0–1.2 Ga和1.8–2.0 Ga,大多数锆石晶粒呈角形。这些晶粒的原始源可能被解释为是纳马夸变质复合体,以及在纳马夸造山过程中变形的其他古元古代构造单元。相比之下,其他样品显示出明显的Permo-Triassic年龄高峰和锆石晶粒完全圆形,推测是从冈瓦尼德斯火山弧内产生的。锆石年龄模式的差异可能会导致中生代南部冈瓦纳发生锆石的出处发生变化,也可能导致整个锆石回收系统发生变化。下三叠纪新洛尔FM。受限于更多的当地基岩源和较短的锆石运输距离。相比之下,中三叠世Omingonde,侏罗纪Etjo和白垩纪Twyfelfontein地层中的锆石颗粒是主要的再循环和沉积物均化系统的一种表现形式。河流和风沙沉积输送系统之间的相互作用促进了该系统的发展。下三叠纪新洛尔FM。受限于更多的当地基岩源和较短的锆石运输距离。相比之下,中三叠世Omingonde,侏罗纪Etjo和白垩纪Twyfelfontein地层中的锆石颗粒是主要的再循环和沉积物均化系统的一种表现形式。河流和风沙沉积输送系统之间的相互作用促进了该系统的发展。下三叠纪新洛尔FM。受限于更多的当地基岩源和较短的锆石运输距离。相比之下,中三叠世Omingonde,侏罗纪Etjo和白垩纪Twyfelfontein地层中的锆石颗粒是主要的再循环和沉积物均化系统的一种表现形式。河流和风沙沉积输送系统之间的相互作用促进了该系统的发展。

更新日期:2020-04-25
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