Mechanisms of how electromagnetic (EM) field acts on biological systems are governed by the same physics regardless of the origin of the EM field (technological, atmospheric...), given that EM parameters are the same. We draw from a large body of literature of bioeffects of a man-made electromagnetic field. In this paper, we performed a focused review on selected possible mechanisms of how atmospheric electromagnetic phenomena can act at the molecular and cellular level. We first briefly review the range of frequencies and field strengths for both electric and magnetic fields in the atmosphere. Then, we focused on a concise description of the current knowledge on weak electric and magnetic field bioeffects with possible molecular mechanisms at the basis of possible EM field bioeffects combined with modeling strategies to estimate reliable outcomes and speculate about the biological effects linked to lightning or pyroelectricity. Indeed, we bring pyroelectricity as a natural source of voltage gradients previously unexplored. While very different from lightning, it can result in similar bioeffects based on similar mechanisms, which can lead to close speculations on the importance of these atmospheric electric fields in the evolution.

中文翻译：

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基于大气电磁场生物效应的可能分子和细胞机制


考虑到电磁场参数相同，无论电磁场的起源（技术、大气……）如何，电磁 (EM) 场作用于生物系统的机制均受相同物理原理的控制。我们借鉴了大量有关人造电磁场生物效应的文献。在本文中，我们对大气电磁现象如何在分子和细胞水平上发挥作用的选定可能机制进行了重点回顾。我们首先简要回顾一下大气中电场和磁场的频率和场强范围。然后，我们重点简要描述了当前关于弱电场和磁场生物效应的知识，并在可能的电磁场生物效应的基础上，结合可能的分子机制，结合建模策略来估计可靠的结果，并推测与闪电或热电相关的生物效应。事实上，我们将热释电作为以前未探索过的电压梯度的自然来源。虽然与闪电有很大不同，但它可以基于相似的机制产生相似的生物效应，这可以导致人们对这些大气电场在进化中的重要性进行深入的推测。