Water ice and other volatile compounds may be present on the Moon's surface within permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) near the lunar poles. Understanding the composition, quantity, distribution, and form of water and other volatiles associated with lunar PSRs is identified as a Strategic Knowledge Gap (SKG) for NASA's human exploration program, projected to visit the lunar south pole in the next decade. These polar volatile deposits are also scientifically interesting, having potential to reveal important information about the delivery of water to the Earth-Moon system.

中文翻译：

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月球手电筒：照亮月球南极

月球表面靠近月球两极的永久阴影区 (PSR) 内可能存在水冰和其他挥发性化合物。了解与月球 PSR 相关的水和其他挥发物的组成、数量、分布和形式被确定为 NASA 人类探索计划的战略知识差距 (SKG)，预计将在未来十年访问月球南极。这些极地挥发性沉积物在科学上也很有趣，有可能揭示有关向地月系统输送水的重要信息。