Background

The goal of this work was to characterize the maturation of inhibitory control brain function from childhood to early adulthood using longitudinal data collected in two cohorts.

Methods

Functional MRI during a go/no-go task was conducted in 290 participants, with 88 % undergoing repeated scanning at 1- to 2-year intervals. One group entered the study at age 7–13 years (n = 117); the other entered at age 18–23 years (n = 173). 33.1 % of the sample had two parents with a substance use disorder (SUD), 43.8 % had one parent with an SUD, and 23.1 % had no parents with an SUD. 1162 scans were completed, covering ages 7–28, with longitudinal data from the cohorts overlapping across ages 16–21. A marginal model with sandwich estimator standard errors was used to characterize voxel-wise age-related changes in hemodynamic response associated with successful inhibitory control.

Results

There was significant positive linear activation associated with age in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No clusters survived thresholding with negative linear, positive or negative quadratic, or positive or negative cubic contrasts.

Conclusions

These findings extend previous cross-sectional and small-scale longitudinal studies that have observed positive linear developmental trajectories of brain function during inhibitory control.

中文翻译：

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高风险样本中抑制控制电路的发育成熟：纵向 fMRI 研究。

背景

这项工作的目标是使用在两个队列中收集的纵向数据来表征从童年到成年早期抑制控制脑功能的成熟。

方法

对 290 名参与者进行了执行/不执行任务期间的功能性 MRI，其中 88% 的参与者每隔 1 至 2 年接受一次重复扫描。一组在 7-13 岁时进入研究（n  = 117）；另一个进入年龄在 18-23 岁之间（n  = 173）。33.1% 的样本有两个父母患有物质使用障碍 (SUD)，43.8% 的父母有一个患有 SUD，23.1% 的父母没有 SUD。完成了 1162 次扫描，涵盖 7-28 岁，纵向数据来自 16-21 岁重叠的队列。使用具有三明治估计器标准误差的边际模型来表征与成功抑制控制相关的血流动力学反应中与体素相关的年龄相关变化。

结果

在额叶、颞叶、顶叶和枕叶皮质中存在与年龄相关的显着正线性激活。没有簇在具有负线性、正或负二次或正或负立方对比的阈值处理后幸存下来。

结论

这些发现扩展了之前的横断面和小规模纵向研究，这些研究已经观察到抑制控制期间脑功能的正线性发育轨迹。