Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30^th, 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response.

对 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者的临床干预表明，患有 SARS-CoV2 诱发肺炎的危重患者细胞因子产生强烈上调。在对 41 名 COVID-19 患者的回顾性研究中，大多数 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者出现轻微症状，而一些患者后来出现病情加重，最终因多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）而死亡。严重的细胞因子风暴的后果。SARS-CoV-2感染肺炎诊断和治疗指南于2020年1月30日首次^发布；这些指南首次建议对重症患者应用细胞因子监测，以降低肺炎相关死亡率。在 COVID-19 疾病中观察到的细胞因子风暴也是其他病毒性疾病（包括 SARS、MERS 和流感）死亡率的重要组成部分。鉴于COVID-19肺炎的严重发病率和死亡率，我们从细胞因子和免疫反应失调的角度回顾了目前对人类冠状病毒感染治疗的理解。