The use of online remote control for 24/7 behavioural monitoring can play a key role in estimating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Recording the valve activity of bivalve molluscs is a relevant approach in this context. However, a clear understanding of the underlying disturbances associated with behaviour is a key step. In this work, we studied freshwater Asian clams after exposure to crude oil (measured concentration, 167 ± 28 μg·L-1) for three days in a semi-natural environment using outdoor artificial streams. Three complementary approaches to assess and explore disturbances were used: behaviour by high frequency non-invasive (HFNI) valvometry, tissue contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and proteomic analysis. Two tissues were targeted: the pool adductor muscles - retractor pedal muscle - cerebral and visceral ganglia, which is the effector of any valve movement and the gills, which are on the frontline during contamination. The behavioural response was marked by an increase in valve closure-duration, a decrease in valve opening-amplitude and an increase in valve agitation index during opening periods. There was no significant PAH accumulation in the muscle plus nervous ganglia pool, contrary to the situation in the gills, although the latter remained in the low range of data available in literature. Major proteomic changes included (i) a slowdown in metabolic and/or cellular processes in muscles plus ganglia pool associated with minor toxicological effect and (ii) an increase of metabolic and/or cellular processes in gills associated with a greater toxicological effect. The nature of the proteomic changes is discussed in terms of unequal PAH distribution and allows to propose a set of explanatory mechanisms to associate behaviour to underlying physiological changes following oil exposure. First, the first tissues facing contaminated water are the inhalant siphon, the mantle edge and the gills. The routine nervous activity in the visceral ganglia should be modified by nervous information originating from these tissues. Second, the nervous activity in the visceral ganglia could be modified by its own specific contamination. Third, a decrease in nervous activity of the cerebral ganglia close to the mouth, including some kind of narcosis, could contribute to a decrease in visceral ganglia activity via a decrease or blockage of the downward neuromodulation by the cerebro-visceral connective. This whole set of events can explain the decrease of metabolic activity in the adductor muscles, contribute to initiate the catch mechanism and then deeply modify the valve behaviour.

中文翻译：

---

暴露在原油中的大戟蛤中肌肉，神经节和g的蛋白质组变化：与行为障碍的关系。

使用在线远程控制进行24/7行为监测可以在估计水生生态系统的环境状况方面发挥关键作用。在这种情况下，记录双壳软体动物的瓣膜活动是一种相关方法。但是，清楚地了解与行为相关的潜在干扰是关键的一步。在这项工作中，我们研究了在半自然环境中使用室外人工溪流接触原油（测得浓度167±28μg·L-1）三天后的淡水亚洲蛤。使用了三种互补的方法来评估和探索干扰：通过高频无创（HFNI）瓣膜法进行的行为，多环芳烃（PAH）污染的组织以及蛋白质组学分析。靶向两个组织：池内收肌-牵开踏板肌-脑和内脏神经节，这是任何瓣膜运动和the的影响因素，在污染期间它们位于前线。行为反应的特征在于阀门在关闭期间的关闭持续时间增加，阀门开启幅度降低以及阀门搅动指数增加。与the的情况相反，尽管肌肉和神经节神经池中没有明显的PAH积累，尽管后者仍处于文献中的较低数据范围内。蛋白质组学的主要变化包括：（i）与较小的毒理作用有关的肌肉和神经节池中的代谢和/或细胞过程减慢；以及（ii）与更大的毒理作用有关的腮中的代谢和/或细胞过程增加。蛋白质组学变化的性质是根据​​不平等的PAH分布进行讨论的，并允许提出一套解释机制，将行为与暴露于油脂后的潜在生理变化相关联。首先，面对污染水的第一批组织是吸入虹吸管，地幔边缘和g。内脏神经节的常规神经活动应通过源自这些组织的神经信息来改变。其次，内脏神经节的神经活动可以通过其自身的特定污染而改变。第三，靠近嘴的神经节的神经活动减少，包括某种麻醉作用，可能通过减少或阻止脑-内脏结缔组织向下的神经调节而导致内脏神经节活动的减少。