Background

Precooling is a critical step in the postharvest cold chain. Studies of the precooling of fruit and vegetables are based on the strong interactions between modelling, engineering, physiology and commercial outcomes. In recent years, new progress in precooling has been achieved. These achievements include different cooling strategies, research into precooling mechanisms, and numerical simulations. This review aims to provide the most recent information about precooling and promote its application in the fruit and vegetable industry.

Scope and approach

Different precooling strategies are evaluated with respect to the cooling rate, cooling uniformity, and multiscale simulation. An overview of mathematical modeling approaches used to quantitatively describe precooling processes for computer-aided designs is provided. The effect of precooling on fruit quality at the physiological and molecular levels is outlined.

Key findings and conclusions

Numerical simulations have become widely used to improve the precooling performance. Cooling homogeneity, in particular, has attracted increasing attention in recent studies because of the substantial effects of cooling homogeneity on the precooling efficiency and produce quality. The spatial scale of numerical simulations of the precooling process has started to become more precise and specific. Recent numerical simulations have focused on the bin and package scale. Models of transport processes at multiple spatial scales are investigated using multiscale modeling. Moreover, the effect of precooling on produce quality has recently received increasing attention. In addition, the investigation of the effect of precooling on fruit at the metabolomic and genomic levels has become an emerging trend and has provided deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of precooling treatments on fruit.

中文翻译：

---

水果和蔬菜收获后的预冷：回顾

背景

预冷是收获后冷链中的关键步骤。水果和蔬菜的预冷研究基于建模，工程，生理学和商业成果之间的强相互作用。近年来，预冷取得了新的进展。这些成就包括不同的冷却策略，对预冷却机理的研究以及数值模拟。这篇综述旨在提供有关预冷的最新信息，并促进其在果蔬行业中的应用。

范围和方法

针对冷却速率，冷却均匀性和多尺度模拟，评估了不同的预冷却策略。提供了用于定量描述计算机辅助设计的预冷却过程的数学建模方法的概述。概述了在生理和分子水平上预冷对水果品质的影响。

主要发现和结论

数值模拟已被广泛用于改善预冷性能。特别是冷却均匀性，由于冷却均匀性对预冷效率和产品质量的重大影响，在最近的研究中已引起越来越多的关注。预冷过程数值模拟的空间尺度已经开始变得更加精确和具体。最近的数值模拟已经集中在垃圾箱和包装的规模上。使用多尺度建模研究了多个空间尺度上的运输过程模型。此外，预冷对产品质量的影响最近已受到越来越多的关注。此外，