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Plasticity in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus): Tube feet regeneration and adhesive performance
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151381
Carla A. Narvaez , Alessandro M. Padovani , Alyssa Y. Stark , Michael P. Russell

Abstract Sea urchins are key members of hydrodynamically intense habitats, such as open coast intertidal and shallow reefs. Secure attachment to the substrata, by means of tube feet and spines, is essential for survival. Previous studies suggest that environmental variables (i.e. hydrodynamics, substrate) can influence the morphology and adhesive performance of tube feet. Catastrophic failure of tube feet occurs often due to strong hydrodynamic forces. The time and ability of amputated tube feet to return to pre-amputation adhesive performance, and the interaction with environmental factors are unknown. To assess the dynamics of adhesive performance and regeneration of tube feet, we 1) evaluated phenotypic plasticity of disc surface area of two urchin populations inhabiting sites with different lithologies (field - in-situ conditions) and, 2) assessed regeneration of their functionality (tube foot length, time of disc first appearance, disc surface area, and tenacity) after amputation (laboratory - ex-situ conditions). Results showed that in the field, tube feet are plastic in their phenotype: sea urchins from the two sites differed in their disc surface area. Plasticity was also observed in the laboratory, where urchins regenerate tube feet that are shorter in length and have smaller discs compared to pre-amputation measurements. Thus, sea urchin tube feet recovering from amputation events in the intertidal may differ in their initial morphology and in the recovery period after amputation. Moreover, tube feet that were never amputated also decreased their disc area, suggesting that plasticity occurs on tube feet of urchins maintained in laboratory conditions. In shallow temperate reef systems, urchins are ecosystem engineers that affect the abundance and distribution of many other organisms. The plastic nature of morphological and adhesive abilities of sea urchin tube feet influences their ability to survive and dominate wave-battered habitats.

中文翻译:

紫海胆(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)的可塑性:管足再生和粘附性能

摘要 海胆是水动力强烈的栖息地的关键成员,如开阔的海岸潮间带和浅礁。通过管足和刺安全地附着在基质上,对于生存至关重要。先前的研究表明,环境变量(即流体力学、基材)会影响管脚的形态和粘合性能。管脚的灾难性故障经常由于强大的水动力而发生。截肢管足恢复到截肢前粘合性能的时间和能力,以及与环境因素的相互作用尚不清楚。为了评估管脚粘附性能和再生的动力学,我们 1) 评估了具有不同岩性(现场 - 原位条件)的两个海胆种群栖息地的盘表面积的表型可塑性,并且,2) 评估截肢后其功能的再生(管足长度、椎间盘首次出现的时间、椎间盘表面积和韧度)(实验室 - 异地条件)。结果表明,在野外,管足的表型是塑料的:来自两个地点的海胆的盘表面积不同。在实验室中也观察到了可塑性,与截肢前的测量结果相比,海胆再生的管足长度更短,椎间盘更小。因此,从潮间带截肢事件中恢复的海胆管足的初始形态和截肢后的恢复期可能不同。此外,从未被截肢的管足也减少了它们的椎间盘面积,这表明在实验室条件下维持的海胆的管足发生了可塑性。在浅温带珊瑚礁系统中,海胆是影响许多其他生物的丰度和分布的生态系统工程师。海胆管足的形态和粘附能力的可塑性影响了它们生存和支配海浪袭击栖息地的能力。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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