Abstract While the global restoration movement is rapidly gaining momentum, understanding the concept and benefits of forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is paramount to safeguarding the natural capital of Canada's forests. In the face of increasing cumulative effects, we investigated the opportunities for scaling up FLR efforts in Canadian forests. The pace of industrial natural resource extraction developments (logging, agriculture, mining, and energy sector), and their overlapping in time and space with the impacts of climate change have resulted in ecosystem function and services alteration, as well as changes in natural disturbance regimes (e.g., wildland fire and pests). These dramatic and synergistic changes to environmental, socio-economic and cultural values occurring in the landscape need to be considered in land use planning but are highly variable and uncertain. We suggested that adding FLR to the land use agenda could offer a clear pathway to transform degraded landscapes into functional landscapes that deliver co-benefits and livelihoods to multiple land users. Supported by existing policies, the practices and goals of FLR initiatives dovetail with Canadian national conservation priorities such as national woodland caribou recovery as well as the development of Indigenous protected areas and nature-based climate solutions. At the international level, involvement in FLR initiatives such as the Bonn Challenge could advance Canadian climate change and ecosystem degradation commitments identified in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals as well as in the Convention on Biological Diversity. To inform policymakers and practitioners, we suggested key collaborative actions to move towards a national restoration framework. Given competing land uses and values, a successful FLR strategy will require a multi-stakeholder governance approach supported by the different levels of government as well as other land users including extractive industries and Indigenous communities. Assessing socio-economic trade-offs around planning, funding, implementing, and monitoring restoration efforts is also crucial.

中文翻译：

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在累积效应和气候变化时代扩大加拿大的森林景观恢复

摘要 虽然全球恢复运动正在迅速发展，但了解森林和景观恢复 (FLR) 的概念和好处对于保护加拿大森林的自然资本至关重要。面对不断增加的累积效应，我们调查了在加拿大森林中扩大 FLR 工作的机会。工业自然资源开采发展的步伐（伐木、农业、采矿和能源部门）及其在时间和空间上与气候变化影响的重叠导致生态系统功能和服务的改变，以及自然干扰机制的变化（例如，野火和害虫）。这些戏剧性的协同变化对环境，在土地使用规划中需要考虑景观中出现的社会经济和文化价值，但它们变化很大且不确定。我们建议将 FLR 加入土地利用议程可以提供一条明确的途径，将退化的景观转变为功能性景观，为多个土地使用者带来共同利益和生计。在现有政策的支持下，FLR 倡议的实践和目标与加拿大国家保护优先事项相吻合，例如国家林地驯鹿恢复以及土著保护区的发展和基于自然的气候解决方案。在国际层面，参与波恩挑战等 FLR 倡议可以推进加拿大在 2030 年可持续发展目标和《生物多样性公约》中确定的气候变化和生态系统退化承诺。为了告知政策制定者和从业者，我们建议采取关键的合作行动，以实现国家恢复框架。鉴于相互竞争的土地用途和价值，成功的 FLR 战略将需要由不同级别的政府以及其他土地使用者（包括采掘业和原住民社区）支持的多利益相关方治理方法。评估围绕规划、资金、实施和监测恢复工作的社会经济权衡也至关重要。我们建议采取关键的合作行动，以实现国家恢复框架。鉴于相互竞争的土地用途和价值，成功的 FLR 战略将需要由不同级别的政府以及其他土地使用者（包括采掘业和原住民社区）支持的多利益相关方治理方法。评估围绕规划、资金、实施和监测恢复工作的社会经济权衡也至关重要。我们建议采取关键的合作行动，以实现国家恢复框架。鉴于相互竞争的土地用途和价值，成功的 FLR 战略将需要由不同级别的政府以及其他土地使用者（包括采掘业和原住民社区）支持的多利益相关方治理方法。评估围绕规划、资金、实施和监测恢复工作的社会经济权衡也至关重要。