Abstract Mining-induced subsidence is a worldwide environmental problem that leads to damage to infrastructure and property; thus, knowledge of its past–recent development is critically needed during land-use planning. Moreover, the temporal occurrence of subsidence is greatly variable, with tendencies for gradual to abrupt movements. Subsidence rates can currently be achieved via radar interferometry, but these data usually cover short time periods and are less accurate in forested areas. In such cases, dendrogeomorphic dating can provide chronologies of past subsidence activity. In addition, comparisons of tree-ring-based data with in situ monitoring may answer the sensitivity and reliability of dating methods in these specific conditions of continuous ground movement. Geomorphic mapping and dendrogeomorphic dating were performed at two forested landslide sites affected by coal mining subsidence in the Upper Silesian Basin (Czech Republic), and the resulting chronology from one site was compared with levelling campaigns occurring from 1998 to 2015. Based on 284 increment cores from 71 trees, we were able to identify 7 subsidence events at the site dominated by a pioneering forest and 19 subsidence events at the site overgrown by a mature forest, with the most frequent responses occurring from 1956 to 1971 and 2005–2011. The occurrence of multiple compression wood growth intervals, some occurring in different directions of tree stems (more than 30% of sampled trees) indicated complex deformations presented by the flow-like mechanism of waterlogged surfaces, ongoing subsidence spreading, and fragmentation of larger blocks and grabens. A comparison of tree-ring-based chronology with in situ monitoring revealed good synchronicity with the periods of increased subsidence rates (between 1 and 3 m.year−1), thus indicating the high relevance of dendrogeomorphic methods for the determination of the most intense periods of ground subsidence. Our results show the first comparison of dendrogeomorphic methods with in situ monitoring of human-induced subsidence areas and provide an alternative option for reconstructing decadal to centennial development of the affected areas.

中文翻译：

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基于树状地貌方法和原位监测相结合的采矿沉降定年

摘要 采矿引起的沉降是一个世界性的环境问题，会导致基础设施和财产的破坏；因此，在土地利用规划期间，迫切需要了解其过去和最近的发展情况。此外，沉降的时间发生变化很大，有逐渐到突然运动的趋势。目前可以通过雷达干涉测量法获得沉降率，但这些数据通常涵盖的时间很短，并且在森林地区不太准确。在这种情况下，树状地貌测年可以提供过去沉降活动的年表。此外，将基于树木年轮的数据与原位监测进行比较，可以回答在这些连续地面运动的特定条件下测年方法的敏感性和可靠性。在上西里西亚盆地（捷克共和国）受采煤沉陷影响的两个森林滑坡地点进行了地貌绘图和树状地貌测年，并将一个地点的年表与 1998 年至 2015 年发生的平整运动进行了比较。 基于 284 个增量核心从 71 棵树木中，我们能够识别出 7 个以原始森林为主的地点的沉降事件和 19 个由成熟森林覆盖的地点的沉降事件，最频繁的响应发生在 1956 年至 1971 年和 2005 年至 2011 年。多个压缩木材生长间隔的出现，一些出现在树干的不同方向（超过 30% 的采样树木）表明由浸水表面的流动机制呈现的复杂变形，持续的沉降蔓延，以及较大块和地堑的破碎。基于树木年轮的年代学与原位监测的比较揭示了与沉降率增加时期（1 到 3 m.year-1）的良好同步性，从而表明树状地貌方法对于确定最强烈的地震具有高度相关性。地面沉降时期。我们的结果显示了首次将树状地貌方法与人为沉降区域的原位监测进行了比较，并为重建受影响地区的十年至百年发展提供了替代选择。因此表明树状地貌方法与确定地面沉降最强烈时期的高度相关性。我们的结果显示了首次将树状地貌方法与人为沉降区域的原位监测进行了比较，并为重建受影响地区的十年至百年发展提供了替代选择。因此表明树状地貌方法与确定地面沉降最强烈时期的高度相关性。我们的结果显示了首次将树状地貌方法与人为沉降区域的原位监测进行了比较，并为重建受影响地区的十年至百年发展提供了替代选择。