The human microbiome is impressively immense and participates in many aspects of our health and wellness, particularly involving the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system. Not only do our microbes teach the immune system to fight infection, they also teach immune tolerance and help maintain homeostasis. From this knowledge, we have learned that the loss of tolerance to microbiota in both innate and adaptive processes plays an important role in immune-mediated and autoimmune disease. In this chapter, we will be discussing about methods used to study the microbiome, both old and new methods, fundamental concepts that have taken hold within the field, and how these principles relate to rheumatology, including thoughts on how microbiome research may be focused in the next decade.

中文翻译：

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微生物组研究的方法：过去，现在和将来。

人类微生物组令人印象深刻，并参与了我们健康和保健的许多方面，特别是涉及健康免疫系统的开发和维持。我们的微生物不仅教导免疫系统抵抗感染，还教导免疫耐受并帮助维持体内平衡。从这一知识中，我们了解到，在先天和适应性过程中，对微生物群的耐受性丧失在免疫介导的和自身免疫性疾病中起重要作用。在本章中，我们将讨论用于研究微生物组的方法，新方法和旧方法，该领域内已掌握的基本概念，以及这些原理与风湿病学之间的关系，包括有关微生物组研究如何重点关注的思想。下一个十年。