The occurrence of hypoxia is common in many solid tumors, and it enhances aggressive features of cancer such as cell survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis while minimizing the efficacies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hypoxia also plays a pivotal role in regulating immune cell function which is important for immunotherapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor has been suggested as a master regulator of tumor cell adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment. Currently, several approaches have been proposed to eliminate the hypoxic state in tumors for delaying cancer progression and improving therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize current findings on the relevance of hyperoxia-based therapeutics for cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that hyperoxic therapy inhibits tumor growth and increases treatment efficacy. Primary antitumor effect of hyperoxic therapy may be due to the reversal of tumor hypoxia and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Restoring immune function is also suggested as a potential mechanism. Hyperoxic therapy can also cause cellular injury and organ dysfunction. In conclusion, overcoming tumor hypoxia is a major problem that needs to be solved. Further studies to standardize and personalize hyperoxia therapy according to the type of cancer, stage, and comorbidities are needed.

Impact statement

Tumor hypoxia promotes cancer cell aggressiveness, and is strongly associated with poor prognosis across multiple tumor types. The hypoxic microenvironments inside tumors also limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Several approaches to eliminate hypoxic state in tumors have been proposed to delay cancer progression and improve therapeutic efficacies. This review will summarize current knowledge on hyperoxia, used alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities, in cancer treatment. Molecular mechanisms and undesired side effects of hyperoxia will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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高氧治疗在癌症中的作用。

缺氧的发生在许多实体瘤中很常见，它增强了癌症的侵袭性特征，如细胞存活、血管生成和转移，同时最大限度地降低化疗和放疗的疗效。缺氧在调节免疫细胞功能方面也起着关键作用，这对免疫治疗很重要。缺氧诱导因子被认为是肿瘤细胞适应缺氧微环境的主要调节因子。目前，已经提出了多种方法来消除肿瘤中的缺氧状态，以延缓癌症进展并提高治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于高氧疗法与癌症治疗相关性的最新发现。越来越多的证据表明，高氧疗法可以抑制肿瘤生长并提高治疗效果。高氧治疗的主要抗肿瘤作用可能是由于肿瘤缺氧的逆转和活性氧的产生。恢复免疫功能也被认为是一种潜在的机制。高氧治疗还会导致细胞损伤和器官功能障碍。总之，克服肿瘤缺氧是一个需要解决的重大问题。需要进一步研究根据癌症类型、阶段和合并症来标准化和个性化高氧治疗。

影响报告

肿瘤缺氧会促进癌细胞的侵袭性，并且与多种肿瘤类型的不良预后密切相关。肿瘤内部的缺氧微环境也限制了放疗、化疗和免疫治疗的有效性。已经提出了几种消除肿瘤缺氧状态的方法，以延缓癌症进展并提高治疗效果。这篇综述将总结目前在癌症治疗中单独使用或与其他治疗方式联合使用高氧的知识。还将讨论高氧的分子机制和不良副作用。