Rapid advances in gene-editing and stem-cell technology have expanded the range of possible future applications in human-animal chimera research. Most notably, recent developments may allow researchers to generate whole personalized human organs in pigs for the purpose of transplantation into human patients. Though human-animal chimera research in small animals, such as mice, is routine, human-animal chimeric techniques are now increasingly being applied to larger animals. Moreover, these chimeras include increasing amounts of human material, which is potentially present in more morally significant locations, such as the brain and the reproductive system. These developments raise important ethical questions about whether we should create such chimeras, and if so, how we should treat them. Answers to these ethical questions are needed to inform the development of policies regulating human-animal chimera research and its applications. Here, we provide a review of some of the most important or widespread ethical concerns.

中文翻译：

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创造和使用人兽嵌合体的伦理

基因编辑和干细胞技术的快速发展扩大了未来在人-动物嵌合体研究中可能的应用范围。最值得注意的是，最近的发展可能使研究人员能够在猪身上产生完整的个性化人体器官，以便移植到人类患者体内。尽管对小鼠等小动物的人-动物嵌合体研究是常规研究，但人-动物嵌合体技术现在正越来越多地应用于大型动物。此外，这些嵌合体包括越来越多的人类物质，这些物质可能存在于更具有道德意义的位置，例如大脑和生殖系统。这些发展提出了重要的伦理问题，即我们是否应该创造这样的嵌合体，如果是，我们应该如何对待它们。需要对这些伦理问题的回答为制定规范人类-动物嵌合体研究及其应用的政策提供信息。在这里，我们回顾了一些最重要或最普遍的道德问题。