This study explores the associations of drinking rainwater with mineral intake and cardiometabolic health in the Bangladeshi population. We pooled 10030 person-visit data on drinking water sources, blood pressure (BP) and 24-h urine minerals. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured in 3724 person-visits, and lipids in 1118 person-visits. We measured concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in 253 rainwater, 935 groundwater and 130 pond water samples. We used multilevel linear or gamma regression models with participant-, household- and community-level random intercepts to estimate the associations of rainwater consumption with urine minerals and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Rainwater samples had the lowest concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg. Rainwater drinkers had lower urine minerals than coastal groundwater drinkers: −13.42 (95% CI: −18.27, −8.57) mmol Na/24 h, −2.00 (95% CI: −3.16, −0.85) mmol K/24 h and −0.57 (95% CI: −1.02, −0.16) mmol Mg/24 h. The ratio of median 24-hour urinary Ca for rainwater versus coastal groundwater drinkers was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.80). Rainwater drinkers had 2.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.27) mm Hg higher systolic BP, 1.82 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.54) mm Hg higher diastolic BP, 0.59 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.01) mmol/L higher FBG and −2.02 (95% CI: −5.85, 0.81) mg/dl change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the coastal groundwater drinkers. Drinking rainwater was associated with worse cardiometabolic health measures, which may be due to the lower intake of salubrious Ca, Mg and K.

这项研究探讨了孟加拉国人口饮用雨水与矿物质摄入量和心脏代谢健康的关系。我们汇集了 10030 人的饮用水源、血压 (BP) 和 24 小时尿液矿物质数据。 3724 人次就诊测量了空腹血糖 (FBG)，1118 人次就诊测量了血脂。我们测量了 253 个雨水、935 个地下水和 130 个池塘水样中钠 (Na)、钾 (K)、钙 (Ca) 和镁 (Mg) 的浓度。我们使用具有参与者、家庭和社区水平随机截距的多级线性或伽马回归模型来估计雨水消耗与尿液矿物质和心脏代谢生物标志物的关联。雨水样品中钠、钾、钙和镁的浓度最低。饮用雨水的人的尿液矿物质含量低于沿海地下水饮用者：-13.42（95% CI：-18.27，-8.57）mmol Na/24 h，-2.00（95% CI：-3.16，-0.85）mmol K/24 h和- 0.57 (95% CI: -1.02, -0.16) mmol 镁/24 小时。饮用雨水的人与饮用沿海地下水的人的 24 小时尿钙中位数之比为 0.72（95% CI：0.64，0.80）。饮用雨水者的收缩压升高 2.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.27) mm Hg，舒张压升高 1.82 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.54) mm Hg，FBG 升高 0.59 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.01) mmol/L与沿海地下水饮用者相比，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的变化为-2.02（95% CI：-5.85，0.81）mg/dl。饮用雨水与较差的心脏代谢健康指标相关，这可能是由于有益的钙、镁和钾的摄入量较低所致。